非常任理事国 | |
聯合國安全理事會第1973號決議是聯合國安全理事會於2011年3月17日通過有關利比亞局勢的決議,由法國、黎巴嫩、英國及美国提案[1][2][3]。这也是安理会历史上第二次对利比亚实施禁飞[4]。一共有10個理事國對決議投贊成票(包括波黑、哥倫比亞、加蓬、黎巴嫩、尼日利亞、葡萄牙、南非,及常任理事國法國、英國、美國),5個理事國投棄權票(包括巴西、德國、印度,及常任理事國中國、俄羅斯)。[5][6]決議要求「立即停火」,並授權國際社會在利比亞設立禁飛區,以除了外國佔領外的任何方法保護平民[7]。
重點
本議案根據《聯合國憲章》第七章通過:
- 要求立即停止暴力,並呼籲採取步驟,滿足人民的合理要求,
- 在利比亞設立禁飛區,
- 除了「外國佔領軍」外,授權所有為保護平民和平民聚居地而作出的必須手段,
- 允許搜查船隻和飛機,加強武器禁運和針對僱傭兵的行動,
- 禁止所有利比亞指定的航班,
- 凍結利比亞政府持有的資產,並重申此類資產應該有利於利比亞人民,
- 擴展聯合國安理會1970號決議的旅遊禁令和資產凍結,適用於更多利比亞個人和團體,
- 設立專家團監察和促進制裁的執行。
投票
*常任理事國以粗體顯示。
常任理事國中國和俄羅斯對禁飛區有所保留,包括質疑設立禁飛區的實用性,亦考慮到使用武力前還未有使用所有其他手段,但注意到阿拉伯聯盟提交的請求和利比亞的「特殊局勢」,因此棄權[8][9]。安理會內的非洲理事國譴責利比亞政權,並支持議案[10]。
翌日,德國總理安格拉·默克爾表示,德國將不會參與軍事行動,但指出「我們毫無保留地同樣抱有此決議的宗旨。我們的棄權不應與中立混為一談。」[11]
印度副代表投下了弃权票。原因为该决议基于不确定的信息(缺少“关于在利比亚当地局势的可靠信息”),并且过于宽泛。[12]
利比亞回應
利比亚领导人穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲政府在決議通過翌日宣佈,他們立即停火,以回應聯合國決議[13]。然而,米蘇拉塔一名居民告訴半島電視台,「縱然宣佈了停火,政府軍仍繼續轟炸本城市」[14]。
執行
軍事行動於3月19日開始,法國戰機在利比亞上空偵察[15]。
参考文献
- ^ UN. 安理會通過決議對利比亞實施禁飛. 聯合國. 17 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-27).
- ^ Security Council authorizes ‘all necessary measures’ to protect civilians in Libya. United Nations News Centre. 17 March 2011 [2016-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-09).
- ^ Libya: UN backs action against Colonel Gaddafi. BBC News. 18 March 2011 [2016-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-18).
- ^ 安理会通过决议对利比亚实施禁飞. 联合国网站新闻中心. 2011年3月17日 [2011-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-02).
- ^ 安理會通過決議決定在利比亞設禁飛區. BBC. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-21).
- ^ Libya: Nigeria votes in favour of no-fly resolution. Vanguard (Nigeria). 18 March 2011 [2016-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-21).
- ^ Roth, Richard. U.N. Security Council approves no-fly zone in Libya. CNN. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-20).
- ^ China opposed UN resolution on Libya. Times of India. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-27).
- ^ UN Security Council adopts resolution on Libya. RIA Novosti. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-21).
- ^ Africa defies AU chief's support for Ghaddafi. Afrol News. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-22).
- ^ BBC (retrieved 18 March 2011). [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-20).
- ^ UNSC 6498th Meeting. UNSC: 5–6. 17 March 2011 [2020-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01).
- ^ Libya declares ceasefire. New Statesman. [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-28).
- ^ Libya Live Blog - March 18. Al Jazeera. 18 March 2011 [2011-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-20).
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Bumiller, Elisabeth. France Sends Military Flights Over Libya. The New York Times. 19 March 2011 [19 March 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-26).
外部連結
维基文库中的相关原始文献:
聯合國安全理事會第1973號決議 - 聯合國安全理事會第1973(2011)號決議 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(简体中文)
- UN Security Council's Press Release on Resolution 1973 (2011) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(英文)
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