Budismo pré-sectário
Budismo pré-sectário,[1] também chamado de Budismo primitivo,[2][3] o Budismo mais antigo,[4][5] Budismo original[6] e Budismo primitivo,[7] é o budismo como teorizado ter existido antes as várias escolas budistas primitivas se desenvolveram por volta de 250 a.C. (seguidas por subseitas posteriores do budismo).[8][9]
Os conteúdos e ensinamentos deste budismo pré-sectário devem ser deduzidos ou reconstruídos a partir dos textos budistas primitivos, que por si já são sectários.[a][b] Todo o assunto permanece intensamente debatido por estudiosos, nem todos acreditam que uma reconstrução significativa seja possível.
O "budismo primitivo" também pode ser usado para períodos consideravelmente posteriores.
Nome
Vários termos estão sendo usados para se referir ao período mais antigo do budismo:
- "Budismo pré-sectário"[1]
- "Budismo antigo",[3][2]
- "O Budismo mais antigo",[10]
- "Budismo original",[6][c]
- "O budismo do próprio Buda."[6][d]
- Budismo pré-canônico[11]
- Budismo primitivo[7]
Alguns estudiosos japoneses referem-se ao período subsequente das primeiras escolas budistas como budismo sectário.[2][3]
Notas e referências
Notas
- ↑ enfatizou que o cânone escrito no budismo é sectário desde o início, e que o budismo pré-sectário deve ser deduzido dos escritos como eles existem agora.[1] (citação via mecanismo de pesquisa Google Scholar)
- ↑ Seria hipócrita afirmar que nada pode ser dito sobre a doutrina do budismo mais antigo [...] as ideias básicas do budismo encontradas nos escritos canônicos poderiam muito bem ter sido proclamadas por ele [o Buda], transmitidas e desenvolvido por seus discípulos e, finalmente, codificado em fórmulas fixas.[5]
- ↑ A.K Warder: "...uma reconstrução do budismo original pressuposta pelas tradições das diferentes escolas conhecidas por nós."[6]
- ↑ Este núcleo de doutrina é presumivelmente o budismo comum do período "antes dos cismas dos séculos IV e III aC. Pode ser substancialmente o budismo do próprio Buda."[6]
Referências
- ↑ a b c Hurvitz 1976.
- ↑ a b c Nakamura 1989.
- ↑ a b c Hirakawa 1990.
- ↑ Gombrich 1997, p. 11-12.
- ↑ a b Jong 1993, p. 25.
- ↑ a b c d e Warder 1999.
- ↑ a b Mizuno Kogen 1982, p. 16.
- ↑ Sujato 2012.
- ↑ Sujato 2012, pp. 81–82.
- ↑ Gombrich 1997, p. 11 -12.
- ↑ Lindtner 1997.
Bibliografia
Fontes impressas
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- Bronkhorst, Johannes (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
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- Gombrich, Richard F. (1997), How Buddhism Began: The conditioned genesis of the early teachings, ISBN 978-8-121-50812-4, Munshiram Manoharlal
- Gombrich, Richard F. (2006), How Buddhism Began: The conditioned genesis of the early teachings, ISBN 978-0-415-37123-0 2nd ed. , Routledge
- Gombrich, Richard F. (2006a), Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, ISBN 978-1-134-90352-8, Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices, Routledge
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- Harvey, Peter (1990), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, Introduction to Religion, Cambridge University Press
- Harvey, Peter (2015), «The Conditioned Co-arising of Mental and Bodily Processes within Life and Between Lives», in: Emmanuel, Steven M., A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy, ISBN 978-1-119-14466-3, John Wiley & Sons
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- Jurewicz, Joanna (2000), «Playing with Fire: The pratityasamutpada from the perspective of Vedic thought» (PDF), Journal of the Pali Text Society, 26: 77–103
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- Lindtner, Christian (1997), «The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism», Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 2, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851
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- Lopez, Donald S. (1995), Buddhism in Practice (PDF), Princeton University Press, cópia arquivada (PDF) em 8 de julho de 2017
- Matthews, Bruce (1986), Post-Classical Developments In The Concepts of Karma and Rebirth in Theravada Buddhism. In: Ronald W. Neufeldt (ed.), "Karma and rebirth: Post-classical developments", SUNY
- Mizuno Kogen (1982), Buddhist Sutras: Origin, Development, Transmission, Kosei
- Mun-keat, Choong (2000), The Fundamental Teachings of Early Buddhism. A comparative study based on the Sutranga portion of the Pali Sarpyutta-Nikaya and the Chinese Sarpyuktagama, Harrassowitz Verlag
- Nakamura, Hajime (1980), Indian Buddhism: a survey with bibliographical notes, Intercultural Research Institute monograph series, KUFS Publication
- Nakamura, Hajime (1989), Indian Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass
- Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1988), Age of the Nandas and Mauryas, ISBN 978-81-208-0466-1, Motilal Banarsidass
- Norman, K.R. (1992), «The Four Noble Truths», Collected Papers, 2, Pali Text Society (publicado em 2003), pp. 210–223
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- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
- Schmithausen, Lambert (1981), «On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism», in: Klaus Bruhn and Albrecht Wezler, Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus (Gedenkschrift für Ludwig Alsdorf) [Studies on Jainism and Buddhism (Memorial for Ludwig Alsdorf)], Wiesbaden, pp. 199–250
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- Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, BRILL
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- Warder, A.K. (1999), Indian Buddhism, Delhi
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- Williams, Paul (2000), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge
- Wynne, Alexander (2007), The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, Routledge
- História do Budismo (geral)
- Bronkhorst, Johannes (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
- Gombrich, Richard F. (1997), How Buddhism Began, Munshiram Manoharlal
- Norman, K.R. (1997), A Philological Approach to Buddhism. The Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai Lectures 1994 (PDF), School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
- Budismo primitivo
- Schmithausen, Lambert (1981), On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism". In: Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus (Gedenkschrift für Ludwig Alsdorf), hrsg. von Klaus Bruhn und Albrecht Wezler, Wiesbaden 1981, 199-250
- Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, BRILL
- Wynne, Alexander (2007), The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, Routledge
Ligações externas
- Um punhado de publicações do Leaves Essential sobre a história budista
- Louis de La Vallée Poussin, Musial and Narad. Traduzido do idioma inglês por Gelongma Migme Chödrön e Gelongma Lodrö Sangpo.
Portal do budismo