Perjanjian Ottawa
Perjanjian Ottawa (Mine Ban Treaty) | |
---|---|
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction | |
Ditandatangani | 3 Disember 1997 di Ottawa, Kanada |
Berkuat kuasa | 1 Mac 1999 |
Syarat | Dimenterai oleh 40 negara |
Penandatangan | 133 |
Pihak | 156 (Senarai lengkap) |
Pemegang simpanan | Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ottawa_Treaty_members.svg/350px-Ottawa_Treaty_members.svg.png)
Perjanjian Ottawa, atau nama penuhnya Konvensyen Larangan terhadap Penggunaan, Simpanan Stok, Pembuatan dan Pemindahan Periuk Api Pembinasa Anggota, dan Pemusnahannya (bahasa Inggeris: Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destructioncode: en is deprecated ), mengharamkan segala periuk api pembinasa anggota. Tepat pada Mei 2009, perjanjian ini disertai oleh 156 negara. Dua buah negara telah menandatanganinya tetapi belum meratifikasinya. 37 buah negara, termasuk Republik Rakyat China, Cuba, Mesir, Finland, India, Iran, Israel, Lubnan, Libya, Korea Utara, Pakistan, Rusia, Syria dan Amerika Syarikat, tidak menyertai Konvensyen ini. Pada tahun 2009, Rwanda menjadi negara pertama yang disahkan bebas periuk api.
Pelaksanaan
Selain menghentikan penghasilan dan pembangunan periuk api pembinasa anggota, sesebuah peserta perjanjian harus memusnahkan semua periuk api pembinasa anggota yang dimilikinya dalam masa empat tahun, kecuali sebilangan kecil periuk api yang dibenarkan penyimpanannya untuk tujuan latihan (pemugaran, pengesanan, dsb.) Dalam masa sepuluh tahun selepas menandatangani perjanjian ini, negara peserta sewajarnya memugarkan segala kawasannya yang ditanam periuk api. Memang susah untuk dilakukan bagi setiap negara, tetapi mereka boleh meminta bantuan ataupun lanjutan tempoh di mesyuarat tahunan.
Perjanjian ini hanya meliputi periuk api pembinasa anggota. Periuk api campuran, periuk api pembinasa kereta kebal, periuk api claymore kawalan jauh, peranti (jerangkap samar) dan peranti-peranti letupan "statik" pembinasa anggota yang lain tidak diliputi oleh perjanjian ini.
Peserta
Negara yang memeterai/menyetujui
Negara | Ditandatangani | Dikuatkuasakan | Cara |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Sep 11, 2002 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 26, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 8, 1998 | Feb 29, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 29, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 5, 2002 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 14, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 14, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 29, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 31, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 12, 1999 | Penerimaan |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Sep 6, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 26, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 3, 2003 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 4, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Feb 27, 1998 | Apr 23, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 25, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 9, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 8, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 30, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 24, 2006 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 4, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 16, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 19, 2002 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Jul 6, 1998 | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 10, 2001 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 6, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 19, 2002 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 30, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 17, 2003 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 8, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 29, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 27, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 10, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 15, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 8, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 23, 2002 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 30, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 16, 1998 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 15, 2006 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 24, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 6, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 16, 2007 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 23, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 17, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 23, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 30, 1998 | Penerimaan |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Nov 13, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 28, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 23, 2001 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 26, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 7, 2000 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Jul 31, 2007 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Jul 1, 2005 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Feb 26, 1999 | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 14, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 9, 1998 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 16, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 22, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Sep 7, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 2, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 21, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 9, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 8, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 17, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Succession | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 21, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 27, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 30, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 27, 2001 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 15, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 9, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Nov 19, 2007 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Jun 28, 2004 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 13, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 23, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 17, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 19, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Nov 8, 2002 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 30, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 30, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 8, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 13, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Aug' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 23, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Apr 30, 1998 | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 24, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 19, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 18, 2003 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 2, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Jul 29, 1998 | Apr 25, 2001 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 25, 1999 | Approval |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 30, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Oct' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
Takhta Suci | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 17, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 13, 2000 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Nov 27, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'May' is not a valid month | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Mar' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 27, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 9, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Sep 25, 2003 | Penyetujuan | |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jan 19, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 25, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Feb 24, 1999 | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jul 31, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 7, 2001 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 16, 2005 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Apr 14, 1999 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 1, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Sep 25, 2003 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Feb 23, 2001 | Ratifikasi |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month | Jun 18, 1998 | Ratifikasi |
Negara yang menandatangani tetapi belum meratifikasi
State | Signed |
---|---|
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month |
![]() | Error in Template:Date table sorting: 'Dec' is not a valid month |
Rujukan
Pautan luar
- Anti-personnel landmines and explosive remnants of war ICRC
- Lanmines an international humanitarian law CICR
- Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-personnel Mines full text
- ICBL website (International Campaign to Ban Landmines)
- Full text of the treaty in English
- Full text of the treaty in multiple languages and formats
- Landmine Monitor
- veteransforamerica.org List of Treaty Signatories from the Veterans for America.
- E-Mine – Electronic Mine Information Network by United Nations Mine Action Service.
- LandmineAction.org Diarkibkan 2007-07-08 di Wayback Machine
- dianacelebration.com Diarkibkan 2012-02-08 di Wayback Machine Charity – Diana, Princess of Wales