Magnetosfera Musytari

Templat:Infobox magnetosphere Magnetosfera Musytari merupakan ruang yang tercipta pada angin suria yang disebabkan oleh medan magnet planet tersebut. Menganjur sehingga tujuh juta kilometer ke arah Matahari dan hampir ke orbit Zuhal pada arah yang bertentangan, magnetosfera Musytari adalah yang terbesar dan paling berkuasa dikalangan mana-mana magnetosfera planet dalam Sistem Suria, dan dengan dari segi isipadu struktur yang terbesar diketahui di Sistem Suria selepas heliosfera. Lebih luas dan mendatar berbanding magnetosfera Bumi, kekuatan Musytari ini lebih kuat mengikut peringkat gandaan, manakala saat magnetnya secara kasarnya 18,000 kali lebih besar. Kewujudan medan magnet Musytari mula disimpulkan daripada pemerhatian pelepasan radio pada akhir 1950-an dan diperhatikan secara langsung oleh kapal angkasa Perintis 10 pada tahun 1973.

Jupiter's internal magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the planet's outer core, which is composed of liquid metallic hydrogen. Volcanic eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io eject large amounts of sulfur dioxide gas into space, forming a large torus around the planet. Jupiter's magnetic field forces the torus to rotate with the same angular velocity and direction as the planet. The torus in turn loads the magnetic field with plasma, in the process stretching it into a pancake-like structure called a magnetodisk. In effect, Jupiter's magnetosphere is shaped by Io's plasma and its own rotation, rather than by the solar wind like Earth's magnetosphere. Strong currents in the magnetosphere generate permanent aurorae around the planet's poles and intense variable radio emissions, which means that Jupiter can be thought of as a very weak radio pulsar. Jupiter's aurorae have been observed in almost all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including infrared, visible, ultraviolet and soft X-rays.

Medan magnet dalaman Musytari ini dihasilkan oleh arus elektrik pada teras luar planet, yang terdiri daripada cecair logam hidrogen. Letusan gunung berapi bulan Musytari, Io mengeluarkan sejumlah besar gas sulfur dioksida ke angkasa, membentuk torus besar yang melitupi keseluruhan planet ini. Letupan gunung berapi, medan magnet Musytari memaksa torus untuk berputar dengan halaju sudut besar dan arah ini dikenali sebagai planet ini. Yang torus seterusnya memuatkan medan magnet dengan plasma , dalam proses regangan ke dalam struktur pancake seperti dipanggil magnetodisk. Pada hakikatnya, magnetosfera Musytari dibentuk oleh plasma Io dan putaran sendiri, bukan oleh angin solar seperti magnetosfera Bumi. Arus yang kuat dalam magnetosfera menjana kekal aurorae sekitar kutub planet dan sengit pelepasan radio berubah-ubah, yang bermaksud bahawa Musytari boleh dianggap sebagai sangat lemah PULSAR radio . Aurorae Musytari telah diperhatikan di hampir semua bahagian spektrum elektromagnet , termasuk inframerah , dilihat , ultraungu dan sinar-X lembut .

Nota

Rujukan

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