NATO 120x570mm
Amunisi tank NATO 120×570mm (4,7 inci), juga dikenal sebagai 120×570mmR, adalah kartrid meriam tank semi mudah terbakar standar NATO (STANAG 4385) yang umum digunakan oleh meriam smoothbore 120mm, menggantikan kartrid 105×617mmR yang sebelumnya digunakan. dalam senjata tank berstandar NATO.
Sejarah
Kartrid 120×570 R awalnya ditujukan untuk meriam smoothbore Rh-120 Jerman, tetapi perjanjian interoperabilitas ditandatangani antara Jerman Barat dan Prancis pada bulan April 1979, diikuti pada bulan September 1981 dengan proyek untuk memasang meriam smoothbore M256 120 mm pada M1A1 Abrams masa depan. tank menjadikannya standar NATO.[1][2][3]
Karakteristik
Amunisi 120x570mm adalah amunisi satu bagian dengan wadah kartrid semi-mudah terbakar. Ini menggabungkan kotak rintisan logam pendek dengan cincin penyegel elastomer yang memungkinkan penggunaan sungsang tipe baji geser normal dan pada saat yang sama secara signifikan mengurangi berat peluru. Dengan demikian, amunisi APFSDS Rheinmetall 120 mm memiliki massa 19,8 kg, yang sedikit lebih besar dari massa 18 kg amunisi APFSDS 105 mm pada umumnya dengan wadah kartrid logam tradisional.
Amunisi
Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)
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Ada berbagai cara untuk mengukur nilai penetrasi APFSDS. NATO menggunakan 50% (Artinya 50% cangkang harus menembus pelat), sedangkan standar Soviet/Rusia lebih tinggi (80% harus menembus pelat).
Penamaan | Asal | Desainer & produser | Tahun | Panjang kartrid (mm) | Panjang sub-proyektil (mm) | Dimensi penetrator (⌀ mm × mm) | Rasio L/D (khusus sub-proyektil / penetrator) | Bahan & berat penetrator (kg) | Berat subproyektil dengan sabot / tanpa sabot (kg) | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Jenis & berat propelan | Tekanan ruang (MPa) | Kecepatan moncong (m/s) | Penurunan kecepatan (m/s pada m) | Perforasi pada kejadian normal dan miring | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM13 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 1979 | 888 mm | 457.7 mm | ⌀ 38-26 × 315 mm | 8:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.22 kg / 4.64 kg | 18.7 kg | 7.3 kg | 510 MPa | 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) | 75 m/s (at 1000 m) | NATO Single heavy target at 68° at 2000 m | |
OFL 120 G1 | ![]() | GIAT | 1981 | 977 mm | 541.5 mm | ⌀ 26 mm × 380 mm | 15:1 | 18 density DENAL DX 130 R tungsten alloy[5] | 6.2 kg / 3.78 kg | 18.75 kg[6] | 7.45 kg of B19T | 416 MPa | 1630 m/s (1981) 1650 m/s (upgraded, 1987) 1780 m/s[i] (all L/52) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) | 420 mm at 1000 m,[7] defeat the NATO Single heavy target at 8000 m and the Triple heavy target at 7000 m or 8400 m | Use the same penetrator as the OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS in a larger sabot. Upgraded with Israeli-style steel fins instead of aluminium in 1987.[8] |
DM23 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 1982[9] | 884 mm | 457.7 mm | ⌀ 32 × 360 mm | 12:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / 4.3 kg or 4.6 kg | 7.3 kg[9] | 1640 m/s[10] or 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) | 56 m/s (at 1000 m) 111 m/s (at 1000 m) | 420 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 87 | ||
M829 | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems | 1984 | 935 mm[11] | 616 mm[12] | ⌀ 27 × 460 mm | 23:1 / 17:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 3.94 kg[13] | 7.1 kg[14] / 4.27 kg | 18.7 kg[11] | 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 509 MPa | 1670 m/s[15] (L/44) | 62 m/s (at 1000 m) 123 m/s (at 2000 m) | 525 mm[16] to 540 mm at 2000 m (LoS 60°)[17] | First service APFSDS ammunition used for the M256 gun on the M1A1 Abrams. Actual average diameter is around 24.2 mm, 27 mm is the max diameter of the buttress threads. |
DM33 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 1987 | ⌀ 28[18] × 510 mm | 20:1 / 19:1[18] | Tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4.6 kg[19] | 19 kg[19] | 7.6 kg of 7-hole grain-type | 515 MPa[20] | 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) | 75 m/s (at 1000 m)[18] 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | 480 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Japan as JM33 and by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 90 | ||
M829A1 | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 984 mm[21] | 778 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 680[22] mm | 35:1 / 31:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.64 kg[13] | 8.165 kg / 4.88 kg | 20.9 kg[21] | 7.9 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 560 MPa (5.600 bar)[23] or 569 MPa (5.690 bar) | 1575 m/s[23] (L/44) | 69 m/s (at 1000 m) 135 m/s (at 2000 m) | 650 mm[16] at 2000 m (LoS at 60°) | Nicknamed the "silver bullet" by US tank crews in Operation Desert Storm. |
KE-T | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 983 mm[24] | 658 mm | Tungsten alloy | 7.16 kg / 4 kg | 18.7 kg[24] | 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 510 MPa[23] | 1690 m/s[24] | Developed by Alliant Techsystems, NWM de Kruithoorn of the Netherlands for the penetrator and Chamberlain Manufacturing Company of the USA who provided the sabots, fins and projectile assembly facility. | ||||
M321 | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 1989 | Tungsten alloy | approx. 8 kg of M26 (double-base)[25] | 1650 m/s (L/44)[butuh rujukan] | M321 Penetrator was later used inside 105mm Sabot and M426 was then introduced in 1990. | |||||||||
M1080 | ![]() | MECAR | early 1990s | 995 mm | 625 mm | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / | 25 kg[26] | approx 8 kg | 1675 m/s[26] | >540 mm of RHA at 0°[27] | Features an advanced-design tungsten penetrator. In 1995, the firm began development of an enhanced version of the M1080 which became available in 1999.[28] | ||||
M322 | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 1990s | 984 mm[29] | Tungsten alloy | 8 kg / 5.6 kg[30] | 20 kg[29] | 8 kg of NC-NG (double-base)[29] | 1705 m/s[29] (L/44) | 130 m/s (at 2000 m) | 658 mm at 70° at 2000 m[31] | Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 290.[31] Also known as CL-3143 (Italy) and Slpprj 95[32] (Sweden) on the export market. | ||||
DM43A1 | ![]() ![]() | Giat Industries and Rheinmetall | 1992 or 1996 | 978 mm | ⌀ 26 × 600 mm | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / 4 kg | 19.5 kg or 20 kg | 7.6 kg of L1 M (double-base) | 550 MPa or 560 MPa[33] | 1740 m/s[4] (L/44) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | 560 mm at 2000 m[34] | French-German development, never adopted by the Bundeswehr and used in the French Army under the OFL 120 F1 designation. | |
OFL 120 F1 | ![]() ![]() | Giat Industries and Rheinmetall | 1992 or 1994 | 984 mm | ⌀ 26 × 600 mm | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4 kg | 19.6 kg | 8.3 kg | 580 MPa | 1790 m/s[35] (L/52) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | 560 mm at 2000 m[36] | Feature the same penetrator as the DM43 but use a French propellant, later redesignated as 120 OFLE F1A. Late production, upgraded models are known under the 120 OFLE F1B and 120 OFLE F1B+ designations. | |
M829A2 | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 1994 | 780 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm | 35:1 / 32:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.74 kg | 7.9 kg[37] / 4.92 kg | 8.7 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 565 MPa[37] or 580 MPa | 1680 m/s[37] (L/44) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | Improvements over M829A1 include a stepped tip and use of a new lightweight composite Sabot, which allowed for increased muzzle velocity. | |||
KE-W Terminator | ![]() | Olin Defense System Groups (Primex Technologies) General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System (later) | 1996 | 980 mm[38] | 778 mm[39] | ⌀ 21.6 × 680 mm | 35:1 / 31:1 | C2 Tungsten alloy 4.32 kg or 4.37 kg | 8.2 kg[39] / 4.6 kg | 20.5 kg[38] | 7.91 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[39] | 496.6 MPa[39] | 1585 m/s[39] (L/44) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) | in excess of 600 mm[40] | US Export version of M829A1, features a Tungsten alloy penetrator instead of depleted uranium. |
K276 | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 1996[41] | 973 mm[42] | 703.6 mm[43] | 600 mm[42] | 25:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.35 kg[43] / | 19.7 kg[42] | K683 (triple-base)[42] | 586 MPa[44] | 1700 m/s[43] (L/44) | >600 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[45][46] or 650 mm at 2000 m[47] | Penetrators are manufactured by Cyclic Heat-Treatment and Double-Cycle Sintering process. This causes a phenomenon similar to the self-sharpening effect of the depleted uranium penetrator.[48][49] | |
OFL 120 F2 | ![]() | Giat Industries | 1996[50] | 984 mm | ⌀ 27 × 594 mm | 22:1 (penetrator) | Depleted Uranium alloy | 7.78 kg / 4.5 kg | 20.5 kg | 8.1 kg | 560 MPa | 1740 m/s[50] (L/52) | 640 mm at 2000 m[51] | Has superior penetration performance compared to the OFL 120 F1.[52] 60 000 rounds were made from 1996 to 2000.[53] | ||
12 cm Pz Kann Pfeil Pat 98 Lsp | ![]() ![]() | Rheinmetall DeTec/RUAG Ammotec | 1999 | 745 mm | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 19 kg | 8.9 kg of L1 | 545 MPa[23] | 1640 m/s (L/44) | First iteration of the DM53 purchased by the Swiss Army. Fitted with a tracer. | |||||
DM53 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 2001 | 745 mm | ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[54][sumber tepercaya?] | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg | 21.4 kg | 8.9 kg of L1 (DM53) 8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB (DM53A1)[23] | 545 MPa[23] | 1670 m/s (L/44)[4] 1720 m/s (L/55)[55] | 55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) | Development in Germany continued after the Swiss purchase, the German DM53 round includes a minor geometric modification and the replacement of the tracer element with an incendiary cartridge to add behind-armour effect. The DM53A1 version differs from the DM53 by its SCDB propellant firstly introduced with the DM63. | ||
KE-W A1 | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 1999 or 2000 | Tungsten alloy | / 4 kg | 8.4 kg of L1/M2400 (double-base) | 580 MPa[23] | 1740 m/s[23] (L/44) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | US export variant of the French-German DM43 | ||||||
M338 | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 984 mm | Tungsten alloy | 21 kg | 8 kg of LOVA (double-base) | 1680 m/s[29] (L/44) | 3rd generation Israeli APFSDS | ||||||||
M829A3 | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems (ATK), Armtech Defense, Aerojet GenCorp and Northrop Grumman | 2003 | 924 mm[56] | Main Rod ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip Section ⌀25 x 100 mm[57] | 37:1 / 31:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy Main Rod with Tungsten Alloy Tip Section[58] | 10 kg[56] / 7.2 kg | 8.1 kg[59] or 8.15 kg[56] of RPD-380 sticks | 566 MPa | 1555 m/s[56][59] (L/44) | Features an improved penetrator using a special tip assembly to overcome newer types of heavy ERA. | ||||
KEW-A2 | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 2003 | 780 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm | 35:1 / 32:1 | Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy | 7.6 kg[37] | 8.6 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[23] | 580 MPa[23] | 1700 m/s[23] (L/44) | 660 mm at 2000 m | Export version of the M829A2 round, it features a tungsten penetrator | |||
DM63 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 2005[60] | 745 mm | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg | 21.4 kg | 8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB[23] | 545 MPa[23] | 1650 m/s (L/44) 1720 m/s (L/55)[4] | 55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) | Based on the DM53, it features a Temperature Independent Propulsion System (TIPS) utilizing the SCDB technology. Those modifications improve the accuracy through a wide operational temperatures ensuring safe operation extreme climate zones, and minimizing the erosion of the barrel. The DM63A1 is a 2014 version of the DM63 designed to be compatible with all 120 mm smoothbore guns without modifications. | |||
K279 | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2008 | 998 mm[42] | 761.6 mm[43] | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 8.27 kg[43] / 5 kg | 21.3 kg[42] | 8.6 kg of L15190 (SCDB)[61][62] | 1760 m/s[43] (L/55) | 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | >700 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[45][46] | The penetrator is manufactured of a composite material consisting of tungsten, nickel, iron, and molybdenum.[48] | ||
Type 10 | ![]() | DAIKIN, CHUGOKU-KAYAKU | 2010 | ⌀ 24 mm × 630 mm | 26:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.8 kg / 4.2 kg | 1780 m/s (L/44)[butuh rujukan] | A Japanese APFSDS round only dedicated to Type 10 MBT. Although this is a NATO-standard round, it can only be used with the Type 10 Cannon due to the increased load and resulting increased pressure when fired.[63] | |||||||
120 OFLE F2 | ![]() | Nexter | 2013 | Depleted uranium alloy | Qualified in 2009, 3000 rounds ordered in 2010, 500 were to be delivered in 2013.[64] | |||||||||||
KET | ![]() | Orbital ATK | before 2015 | Tungsten alloy | 9.67 kg | 8.1 kg of RPD-380 or SCDB | 1562 m/s[65] | Not to be confused with the older KE-T from Alliant Techsystems, the KET features a lightweight composite sabot, consistent performance across full temperature range and improved defeat capability against heavy explosive reactive armor. | ||||||||
Pz-531 | ![]() | WITU | 2015 | Tungsten alloy | 6.6 kg / | 8.2 kg | 490 MPa | 1650 m/s[66] (L/44) | ≥500 mm at 2000 m[67] | Features a segmented penetrator made of two rods. | ||||||
K279 Improved | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2016 | 998 mm[42] | 761.6 mm[43] | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 8.27 kg[43] / 5 kg | 21.3 kg[42] | 8.6 kg of 19-hole cylinder-type (SCDB)[68] | 690 MPa[68] | 1800 m/s[ii][68] (L/55) | 122 m/s (at 2000 m) | Produced with a new SCDB propellant based on Solventless powder coated with polyester developed by Poongsan Corporation.[69][70][71] | ||
M829A4 | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems and Alliant Techsystems | 2016 | depleted uranium alloy | SCDB granules, 19-perforated stick of DEGN | 1650 m/s[72] (L/44) | The M829A4 subprojectile has comparable characteristics to its predecessor, the M829A3, in length, weight, and center of gravity.[73] The visible difference between the two cartridges is the Ammunition Data Link (ADL) interface rings on the base of the M829A4. | |||||||||
AKE-T | ![]() | 2021 | Main Rod ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip Section ⌀25 x >100 mm[57] | Tungsten alloy Main rod with a Steel Tip Section | Consist of the in-service M829A4 and the new Advanced Kinetic Energy - Tungsten round replacing the A4's depleted uranium penetrator[74] | |||||||||||
SHARD Mk. 1 | ![]() | Nexter Munitions | late 2022[75] | 984 mm | Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy | 22 kg | EURENCO low-erosion double base propellant | 520 MPa | 1720 m/s[76] (L/52) | SHARD stands for Solution for Hardenered ARmour Defeat. It is said to have 20% performance increase over current APFSDS ammunition. | ||||||
SHARD Mk. 2 | ![]() | Nexter Munitions | Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy | >520 MPa | >1720 m/s (L/52) | The SHARD Mk. 2 will use a more energetic propellant than the double-base propellant featured on the Mk. 1.[77] | ||||||||||
DM73 | ![]() | Rheinmetall | late 2023 | 760 mm | ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[54][sumber tepercaya?] | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg / 5 kg | 21 kg | SCDB | 1780 m/s (L/55)[78] | 55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) | The DM73 reuse the same penetrator of the DM53 but achieves an 8%[79] uplift in performance regarding the combat range[80] through the use of a more powerful propellant. The DM73 requires the high-pressure L55A1 gun and cannot be used in either L44 and L55 gun systems. | |||
KE2020Neo | ![]() | Rheinmetall | serial production foreseen for 2025 | tungsten alloy | The KE2020Neo forecasted increase in performances should reach 20% compared to current APFSDS ammunition thanks to the use of a lighter sabot and a more energetic propellant, the latter is allowed by the raised chamber pressures of the improved Rh-120 L55A1 gun.[81] |
High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)
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Penamaan | Asal | Desainer & produser | Tahun | Panjang kartrid (mm) | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Berat proyektil (kg) | Pengisian bahan peledak (kg) | Jenis & berat propelan | Kecepatan moncong (m/s) | Perforasi pada kejadian normal dan miring | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM12 MZ | ![]() | 23.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.62 kg | 1140 m/s | ||||||
DM12A1 MZ | ![]() | Rheinmetall DeTec | 23.2 kg | 14.1 kg | 1.627.2 kg | 5.57.2 kg | 1140 m/s | 480 mm or 220 mm at 60° at all ranges[82] | DM12 fitted with a fragmentation sleeve. Produced under licence by the US as M830 with exception of the fuze and the explosive Produced under licence by Japan as JM12A1 | ||
OCC 120 G1 | ![]() | Nexter Munitions | 1981 | 28.5 kg | 14.2 kg | 5.7 kg of B19T | 1050 or 1080 m/s | Defeat the Triple heavy NATO target | significant anti-personnel effects | ||
OECC 120 F1 | ![]() | Nexter Munitions | early 1990s | 983 mm | 24.3 kg | 14.4 kg | Comp-B | Single-base | 1100 m/s | 450 mm[51] Defeat the Single heavy and Triple heavy NATO targets[83] | improved anti-personnel effects over the OCC 120 G1 |
M830 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | General Dynamics | 1985 | 981 mm | 24.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.662 kg of Comp-B | 5.4 or 5.5 kg of DIGL-RP (Double-base) | 1140 m/s | technology transfer from the German DM12A1 except for the M764 fuze, double safety, and propellant containment bag[84] | |
M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (a.k.a. MPAT) | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems (ATK) | 1994 | 981 mm | 24.68 kg | 11.4 kg | Comp-B | 7.1 kg of 19 Perf JA-2 (double-base) | 1410 m/s | 20% performance increase against bunkers and a 30% performance increase against light armored vehicles.[85] | 80 mm sub-caliber warhead fitted with a multifunction fuzing system with airburst capability[85] |
K277 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 1996 | 989 mm | 24.5 kg | 14.31 kg | Comp-B | K682 (Triple-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | 600 mm[47] | 1st generation South Korean HEAT-MP-T developed for K1A1 |
K280 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2008 | 998 mm | 23 kg | 11.38 kg | 2.1 kg of Comp-B | K684 (Double-base) | 1400 m/s (L/55) | 700 mm[86] | It is a 2nd generation South Korean HEAT-MP-T developed for K2 Black Panther and has a built-in direction finding proximity fuze sensor used in the K236 40 mm MMFA (Multi-mode Fused Ammunition).[86] |
M325 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | Elbit Systems | late 1980s | 984 mm | 25 kg | 15 kg | 1.8 kg of Comp-B | 5.6 kg of M26 (double-base) or M30 (triple-base) | 1078 m/s (L/44) | Also known under the CL 3105 export designation. | |
MOD 292 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | MKE | 933.5 mm | 22 kg (L/44) 22.2 kg (L/55) | NC-NG (Double-base) | Modified based on MOD 290 (M322) APFSDS-T. | |||||
MOD 310 HEAT-MP-T | ![]() | MKE | 2018 | 984 mm | 25 kg | 1.76 kg of RDX | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 925 m/s | 400 mm[87] | Modified based on M325 HEAT-MP-T but fitted with a new multi-function fuze. |
High Explosive (HE)
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Penamaan | Asal | Desainer & produser | Tahun | Panjang kartrid (mm) | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Berat proyektil (kg) | Jenis & berat propelan | Kecepatan moncong | Pengisian bahan peledak (kg) | Fuzing | Efek | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M908 HE-OR-T | ![]() | General Dynamics-OTS | 2003 | 983 mm | 22.7 kg | 11.4 kg | 7.1 kg 19 Perf Hex JA-2 (Double-base) | 1400 m/s | 3.2 kg[88] Composition A3 Type II[89] | Base detonating, delay fuze | did as well as, if not better than, the 15.8 kg 165 mm HEP warhead at reducing obstacles[90] | Converted M830A1 HEAT-MP-T with a steel nosecone and a delay fuze, used to destroy concrete obstacles. |
IM HE-T | ![]() | Nammo | 26.7 kg | 15.9 kg | 1030 m/s | Dual-mode: Superquick and delay[91] | Produced under license by GD-OTS Canada[92] | |||||
OE 120 F1 | ![]() | Nexter | 2005 | 25.5 kg | 15.5 kg | 1050 m/s | PD fuze | |||||
DM11 HE temp | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 2009 | 29 kg | 19 kg | 5.5 kg | 950 m/s (L/44) or 1100 m/s (L/55) | 2.17 kg HE with 600 tungsten balls[93] | 3 modes: PD, PDwD and AB | 80 m cone-shaped fragmentation pattern | In service with the US Marine Corps under the Mk. 324 designation[94] | |
120 EXPL F1 | ![]() | Nexter | 2011 | 27 kg | 16.8 kg | 1000 m/s | 3 kg HE-frag | programmable | ||||
M339 HE-MP-T | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 984 mm | 27 kg | 17 kg | 4.5 kg of NC-NG (Double-base) | 900 m/s | 2.3 kg of CLX663 | 3 modes: PDD, PD and AB | capable of penetrating 200 mm double reinforced concrete walls[95] | ||
RH31 HE SQ | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 2012 | impact function with or without delay | low-cost variant of the DM11, the cartridge can be fired with no need for modifying existing systems.[96] | |||||||
Pz-511 | ![]() | 2015 | 28.65 kg[97] | 19 kg | 5.7 kg | 950 m/s | 2.3 kg of TNT | |||||
120 mm HE M3M | ![]() | Nexter | 2016 | 945 mm | 28 kg | 18 kg | 1050 m/s | LOVA (Double-base) | 3 modes: SQ, AB and delay[98] | |||
MOD 300 HE-T | ![]() | MKE | 2018 | 984 mm | 27.5 kg | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 870 m/s (L/44) | 4.24 kg of TNT | MOD 305 | Modified based on M339 HE-MP-T. | ||
SLSGR 95 [30] | ![]() | 1995 | 977 mm | 25 kg | 17.5 kg | 3.4 kg M-30 | 736 m/s | 2.7 kg Composition B | ÖFHKSAR M/95 | Rebuilt 120mm mortar round | ||
M1147 AMP | ![]() | Northrop Grumman | still in development | high explosive with embedded tungsten fragments |
Close Combat
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Penamaan | Jenis | Asal | Desainer & produser Tahun | Tahun | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Berat proyektil (kg) | Jenis & berat propelan | Kecepatan moncong | Isian | Fuzing | Efek | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1028 | canister | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 22.9 kg | 15.9 kg | 1410 m/s | 1100 tungsten balls | no | 500 m effective range | Produced under license by Nexter as OEFC 120 F1 and Nammo as 120 mm IM Canister. | ||
M337 STUN | less-than-lethal ammunition | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 13.5 kg | 3.5 kg | 6 kg of M30 (Triple-base) | plastic flakes | no | creates a flash, bang and blast effect and also disperses plastic flakes in the vicinity of the tank[95] |
Guided munition
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Penamaan | Jenis | Panduan | Asal | Desainer & produser | Tahun | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Berat (kg) | Hulu ledak | Kecepatan moncong | Kecepatan pelayaran | Jangkauan maksimum | Efek | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAHAT | GLATGM | semi-active laser-guided | ![]() | IAI | 1992-1999 | 16 kg | 13 kg | tandem HEAT | 300 m/s | 280 m/s | 6000 m (8000 m in indirect fire) | not in service | |
XM943 STAFF | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | inertial + millimeter wave radar | ![]() | Alliant Techsystems | 1990-1998 | downward-firing EFP | program was terminated in FY 98 with final close-out in FY00 | ||||||
POLYNEGE | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Fire-and-forget | ![]() | Nexter Systems | early 2000s | 28 kg | 20 kg | hollow charge / downward-firing EFP | 600 to 700 m/s | up to 8000 m | not in service | ||
KSTAM-I | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Terminal guidance | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2004 | tandem HEAT | 750 m/s | from 2500 m to 5000 m | not in service | ||||
KSTAM-II | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Fire-and-forget | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2005 | 21.5 kg | 9.03 kg | downward-firing EFP | from 2000 m to 8000 m | Developed for the K2 Black Panther's CN08 120 mm gun | |||
Falarick | GLATGM | semi-automatic by laser beam | ![]() ![]() | CMI Defence and Luch | 2013 | 28 kg | tandem HEAT | 300 m/s | beyond 5000 m | 700 mm RHA behind ERA | spin-off version of the Konus GLATGM, proposed on the export market | ||
TANOK | beyond line of sight, smart munition | semi-active laser seeker | ![]() | Roketsan | 2019 (design)[99] | 11 kg | tandem HEAT | from 1000 m to 6000 m | It features two attack modes : direct and top attack. Use a "soft launch" engine. |
Target Practice Tracer (TP-T)
Daftar ini belum tentu lengkap. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. (March 2022) |
Penamaan | Jenis | Asal | Desainer & produser Tahun | Tahun | Berat, putaran lengkap (kg) | Panjang, putaran lengkap (mm) | Jenis & berat propelan | Kecepatan moncong | Isian | Fuzing | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M865 | TPCSDS-T | ![]() | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 2002 | 17.2 kg | 881 mm | M14 | 1700 m/s | |||
K282 | TP-T (HEAT) | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2004 | 24.5 kg | 989 mm | K682 (Triple-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | K611 (Electric) | Developed based on K277 HEAT-MP-T. | |
K287 | TP-T (HEAT) | ![]() | Poongsan Corporation | 2013 | 22.9 kg | 980 mm | KM30 (Double-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | Fe Powder Sintered | K604 (Electric) | Designed to minimize accidental damage caused by Ricochet. |
DM38 | TPCSDS-T | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 1690 m/s | |||||||
DM48 | TPCSDS-T | ![]() | Rheinmetall | 17.5 kg | |||||||
M324 | TPCSDS-T | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 18.3 kg | 7.8 kg of M26 (Double-base) | 1730 m/s (L/44) | Steel | M45112 (Electric) | Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 291[100] | ||
M340 | TP-T (HE-MP) | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 27 kg | 4.5 kg | 900 m/s (L/44) | Inert | ||||
M326 | TP-T (HEAT) | ![]() | Elbit Systems | 27 kg | 5.6 kg of M30/M26 | 1078 m/s (L/44) | Inert | ||||
120 mm IM TP-T | TP-T | ![]() | Nammo | 26.7 kg | 1030 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries. | |||||
120 mm KE-TP | KE-TP | ![]() | Nammo | 18.3 kg | 1700 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries. | |||||
PZ-521 | HE-TP | ![]() | Mesko | 19 kg | 980 mm | L-2 | 950 m/s | 488g Gunpowder | C-88 | Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. Self-detonation after 4–5 km.[101] | |
PZ-541 | APFSDS-T-TP | ![]() | Mesko | 4.8 kg | 980 mm | 1715 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. 1.9 kg penetrator with a diameter of ⌀68mm[102] | ||||
MOD 301 | TP-T (HE) | ![]() | MKE | 27.5 kg | 984 mm | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 870 m/s | 4.2 kg of Sorel cement | MOD 305 | Developed based on MOD 300 HE-T. |
Platform senjata
- Rh-120 L44 (
Germany), digunakan pada MBT Leopard 2 dan Type 90
- M256 (
United States), digunakan pada M1 Abrams dan M60-2000
- M256E1 (
United States)
- M256E1 (
- XM360 (
United States)
- XM360E1 (
United States)
- XM360E1 (
- CN120-25 (
France), digunakan pada AMX-32, AMX-40, dan EE-T1 Osório
- CN120-26 (
France), digunakan pada Leclerc
- 120 FER (
France), diujikan pada prototipe VEXTRA POLE
- MG251 (
Israel), digunakan pada Merkava III
- MG251-LR (
Israel) digunakan pada Merkava IV
- MG253 (
Israel) digunakan pada M60 Sabra
- OTO Melara-Breda 120/44 (
Italy), digunakan pada C1 Ariete
- GT-9 (
South Africa)
- CTG (
Switzerland), digunakan pada CV90120 dan WPB Anders
- KM256 (
South Korea), digunakan pada K1A1
- CN03 (
South Korea), digunakan pada K1A2
- CN08 (
South Korea), digunakan pada K2 Black Panther
- MKE 120 mm tank gun (
Turkey), digunakan pada Altay (main battle tank)
- Type 10 (
Japan), digunakan pada Type 10
- Cockerill XC-8-120 (
Belgium), digunakan pada tank medium K21-120
Lihat pula
- Artileri
- Amunisi
- Kartrid NATO
- STANAG
- Peluru artileri
- Bahan peledak
- TNT
- ANFO
- HMX
- RDX
- PETN
- Bubuk aluminium
- Amonium pikrat
- Nitrogliserin
- Dinamit
- Hulu ledak
- Detonator
- Murang proksimitas
- Ranjau darat
- Ranjau laut
- Termit
- Mesiu
- Bahan energetik
- Granat tangan
- Bom
- Peledak biner
- Amunisi berpandu presisi
- Peluru penembus zirah
- Hulu ledak anti-tank berdaya ledak tinggi, high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT)
- Daftar bahan peledak yang digunakan selama Perang Dunia II
- Tabel kecepatan ledakan bahan peledak
Referensi
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- ^ Kotsch, Stefan. "Schusstafel der 120 mm Kanone". kotsch88.de. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2023.
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Department of the Army, Technical Bulletin (1986). TB 9-2350-320-14 Operator/Maintenance Information on Cartridge 120mm M829, M830, M831, and M865. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 September 2022. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ a b Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. hlm. 148. ISBN 978-0710610799.
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- ^ "Korea Defense Products Guide". Korea Defense Industry Trade Support Center. 13 December 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2022. p. 46
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- ^ a b "K2PL and K2M". Steel Beasts. 2 March 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 July 2021. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2021.
- ^ a b "K276 날탄의 관통력: 600mm(X), 650mm(O)". Bemil. 7 November 2017. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2022.
- ^ a b Kyung Jin Park and Joo Ha You (1 October 2004). "Manufacturing of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Composites for Kinetic Energy Penetrator" (PDF). Agency for Defense Development. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 17 October 2021. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2021.
- ^ Myunghyun Kim (29 February 2020). "Study on the Improving Penetration Performance of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Penetrator by Heat Treatment" (PDF). Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 17 October 2021. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2021.
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- ^ Ferrard, Stéphane (1992). Le Système Leclerc (dalam bahasa French). Editions Bosquet. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
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- ^ a b Archived copy Diarsipkan 30 May 2021 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ "120MMSYSTEMHOUSE". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 August 2023. Diakses tanggal 19 August 2023.
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ a b Alliant Techsystems Inc. "Patent US8985026B2". patents.google.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 October 2020. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (2003). "Patent US6662726B1". patents.google.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 October 2020. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "F Y 1 5 A R M Y P R O G R A M S" (PDF). www.dote.osd.mil. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 16 April 2021. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "120MM APFSDS 'SHARD'". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2022.
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "120 MMx570 APFSDS DM73". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 September 2023. Diakses tanggal 10 September 2023. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Richardson, Henry. "Tank Gun and Ammo Developments: 120mm and Above". euro-sd.com. European Security & Defence. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "More on Rheinmetall tank guns and ammunition evolution". www.edrmagazine.eu. European Defence Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "More on Rheinmetall tank guns and ammunition evolution". edrmagazine.eu. European Defence Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2022. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Kotsch, Stefan. "Munition der deutschen 120 mm Panzerkanone Rheinmetall". kotsch88.de. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 May 2021. Diakses tanggal 18 July 2022. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Chassillan, Marc (April 2005). Char Leclerc de la guerre froide aux conflits de demain. E-T-A-I. hlm. 191. ISBN 978-2726894385.
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ a b AckDog (31 December 2021). "K1A3 개량논란 & K2 수출형 전차개발". ADBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 August 2023. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2023.
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|url-status=
yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "US Cartridge, 120mm HE-OR-T, M908". bulletpicker.com. Bulletpicker. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2021. Parameter
|url-status=
yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "M908 HE-OR-T [High Explosive Obstacle Reduction Tank]". www.globalsecurity.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "120 mm IM HE-T". nammo.com. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2020. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
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|url-status=
yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "Correct shell for the right purpose". kaskus.co.id. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 September 2022. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2020. Parameter
|url-status=
yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "press release" (PDF). rheinmetall-defence.com. Rheinmetall Defence. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 12 November 2020. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2020. Parameter
|url-status=
yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ a b "Elbit Systems Land Tank Ammunition Portfolio" (PDF). elbitsystems.com. Elbit Systems. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 3 January 2022. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2020. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "Eurosatory 2012 - New 120mm tank ammunition from Rheinmetall: enhanced firepower for modern combat operations". rpdefense.over-blog.com. worldwide-defence. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2021. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja Z Pociskami Odłamkowo-Burzącymi Do Czołów Leopard 2A4 Eksploatowanych W Wojsku Polskim" (PDF). witu.mil.pl. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 5 January 2022. Diakses tanggal 5 January 2022. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ "120mm HE M3M 120mm Ammunition for NATO Guns". armscom.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2020. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "IDEF 19: Roketsan unveils the future Altay 120 mm laser guided ammunition". edrmagazine.eu. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2022.
- ^ "120 mm MKE MOD 291 TPCSDS-T". MKE. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 June 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2022.
- ^ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja z pociskami odłamkowo-burzącymi do czołgów Leopard 2A eksploatowanych w Wojsku Polskim" (PDF). Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. hlm. 54. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 May 2022. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - ^ Pankowski, Zygmunt. "Balistyka pocisków ćwiczebnych ze stabilizatorem stożkowym do armat czołgowych". Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 May 2022. Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
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Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref>
untuk kelompok bernama "lower-roman", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="lower-roman"/>
yang berkaitan