Shinji Ikari
- Japanese:
- Megumi Ogata
- Ryūnosuke Kamiki (Adulthood, Rebuild)
- English:
- Spike Spencer (ADV Films dub / Rebuild)
- Casey Mongillo (Netflix dub)
Yui Ikari (mother)
Rei Ayanami (biological relative)
Misato Katsuragi (guardian)
Shinji Ikari (Japanese: 碇 シンジ, Hepburn: Ikari Shinji) is a fictional character from the Neon Genesis Evangelion franchise created by Gainax. He is the franchise's poster boy and protagonist. In the anime series of the same name, Shinji is a boy abandoned by his estranged father Gendo after the mysterious death of his mother Yui. Years later, Gendo asks him to pilot a mecha called Evangelion Unit-01 to protect the city of Tokyo-3 from Angels, creatures which threaten to destroy humanity. Shinji appears in the franchise's feature films and related media, video games, the manga Petit Eva: Evangelion@School, the Rebuild of Evangelion films, and the manga adaptation by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto.
Director Hideaki Anno conceived Shinji as a representation of himself, reflecting his four-year depression after the airing of his previous work, Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water. Shinji's insecurity and torment are explored through streams of consciousness and inner monologues, with episodes focusing on his introspection. Anno used psychoanalytical theories for his characterization, including the Freudian psychosexual development model. His design was created by Sadamoto. Shinji is voiced by Megumi Ogata in Japanese, and by Spike Spencer and Casey Mongillo in English.
Shinji has received mixed responses from anime and manga publications. Although his complexity and realism has been praised, he is criticized for his insecurity and weaknesses. However, Shinji's characterization in the spin-offs and the Rebuild of Evangelion films has been received more positively because of his courageous and self-confident personality, especially in the second installment, Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance. Shinji has placed highly in popularity polls and been the subject of scholarly studies. Merchandise based on the character, such as action figures and perfumes, has been marketed.
Conception
Design
![Five sketches of Shinji in various poses](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Shinji_Ikari_early_design_from_Poposal.jpeg/200px-Shinji_Ikari_early_design_from_Poposal.jpeg)
Neon Genesis Evangelion character designer Yoshiyuki Sadamoto drew Shinji in an ordinary summer school uniform with a white shirt, making him "an average character". He wanted a "realistic and ordinary" boy, a character "that'll be hard for others to make".[1] Since Shinji lacks the enthusiasm and courage of other robot-anime heroes, Sadamoto made him a different interpretation of the concept of heroism: "Rather than a reflection of a hero, sort of a refraction of a hero".[2] At first, he tried to create a character "that would tap into the consciousness of today's anime fans".[2]
In one of Sadamoto's original proposals, Shinji had long hair, which would have covered his face or fluttered in the wind during the dramatic scenes. However, Sadamoto changed his mind, finding his original design "too wild".[2] He tried for a look where one could see the forehead through the bangs, "the look of a boyish young girl", giving him girl's eyes. He modelled this version of him on the titular Nadia from Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, and his face was designed to be almost identical to Nadia's, but with a different hairstyle.[2] Furthermore, writer Andrew C. McKevitt described Shinji's design, with his brown hair and blue eyes, as an example of mukokuseki (無国籍), a deliberate lack of ethnic features included in the character design of Japanese fictional characters which "allowed Japanese creations to be simultaneously Western and transnational".[3]
Development
I tried to include everything of myself in Neon Genesis Evangelion – myself, a broken man who could do nothing for four years. A man who ran away for four years, one who was simply not dead. Then one thought. "You can't run away", came to me, and I restarted this production ... I don't know what the result will be. That is because within me, the story is not yet finished. I don't know what will happen to Shinji, Misato or Rei. I don't know where life will take them. Because I don't know where life is taking the staff of the production. |
– Hideaki Anno about Evangelion before its original airing on July 17, 1995[4] |
Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno was depressed for four years before the series began production.[4] After the failure of Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise's sequel Aoki Uru, Gainax began planning a new series. According to Gainax co-founder Yasuhiro Takeda, ideas from Aoki Uru were borrowed for the new project, including the concept of "not running away". For Takeda, the passage was "something more than just transposing one show's theme onto another... Anno inherited something from Aoki Uru — the determination not to run away from problems — and what we saw in Evangelion was maybe just a reflection of those feelings".[5]
According to Hiroki Satō, the head of Gainax's public relations office, the staff decided that the series would focus on "how Shinji deals with things going on inside himself".[6] Anno reflected his depression in the series, conceiving a world "drenched in a vision of pessimism"; he also began production "with the wish that once the production complete, the world and the heroes would change".[4] He originally proposed a character similar to Asuka Langley Soryu as the protagonist, following Gainax's tradition of a female protagonist like in Gunbuster and Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water. Sadamoto objected to a new female protagonist, saying that "a robot should be piloted by a trained person, and if that person just happens to be a girl then that is fine". However, he did not understand why a young girl "would pilot a robot".[7] He eventually suggested a boy as the main character; his relationship with Asuka, who became another primary character, was modelled after Nadia's relationship with Jean.[7] After accepting Sadamoto's proposals, Anno suggested a male protagonist after Ryū Murakami's works featured two fellow female pilots. He also gave Shinji two male friends, Tōji Suzuhara and Kensuke Aida, whose names were borrowed from Murakami's novel Ai to gensō no fascism.[8] Anno named Shinji after two of his friends,[9] including Neon Genesis Evangelion animator Shinji Higuchi.[10][11] For his last name, he chose the Japanese word Ikari ("anchor"), with the names of other characters in the series coming from nautical jargon or Japanese Imperial Navy warships.[12]
Shinji was first conceived with slightly different features, which were changed over time. Originally, he was more mature, robust, and less introverted than in the final version; he was also portrayed as a studious boy, a "quiet A-student".[13] His scholastic conduct would not be seen in a positive light, but as a sign of passivity.[14] According to Michael House, who was a former member of Gainax and a translator, Anno tried to find a way to end the series with a smiling Shinji and with more positive and communicative characters, but he realized that "the characters he'd created weren't capable of whatever positive change" and reach the result that he had initially imagined, adjusting his original plans.[15]
Anno fixed the protagonist at "age fourteen", since he considered it the age when "independence of mind starts manifesting".[16] Shinji's character was conceived to reflect Anno's personality[17] "both in conscious and unconscious part".[18][19] He was therefore represented as "a melancholic oral-dependent type" caught "in [an] oral stage", as Anno considered himself.[20] Seeing Shinji as a reflection of Anno, assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki avoided depicting him as a brave character, since "Anno isn't that much of a hero".[21] He stated that "Shinji was summoned by his father to ride a robot, Anno was summoned by Gainax to direct an animation".[22] Like other male protagonists in Gainax series, Shinji was conceived with a weak and insecure personality. Gainax wanted to reflect the psychological state of animation fans and Japanese society, in which fathers are always at work and emotionally absent.[23]
Voice
![Megumi Ogata, a Japanese female voice actor](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Megumi_Ogata.jpg/103px-Megumi_Ogata.jpg)
![Spike Spencer, an older voice actor](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Spike_Spencer_2019.png/150px-Spike_Spencer_2019.png)
![Casey Mongillo, a young-looking voice actor](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Casey_Mongillo.jpg/138px-Casey_Mongillo.jpg)
Shinji is voiced by Megumi Ogata in the original Japanese version as well as in the films, spin-offs, video games,[25][26] and the Rebuild of Evangelion film series. Ogata's agent initially refused her participation in Evangelion, and she agreed due to her status as a newcomer, but Anno directly insisted with her.[27][28] She also described Shinji as one of the "most memorable" roles of her career.[29] His characterization required considerable physical and psychological effort.[30] For example, in the eighteenth episode Shinji cries and gasps during a fight; Ogata felt like her "whole body [was] aching".[31] She stated that "Every time a new script arrived, every time I turned a new page I was torn apart by a new pain".[32] While dubbing the film The End of Evangelion (1997), she tried to achieve "a higher synchronization rate with the general director than the TV series".[33]
The Rebuild of Evangelion dub also presented obstacles. On the last day of recording for the film Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance (2009), Ogata was forced to scream; she collapsed on the studio floor, and Anno sat on the floor with her. He praised her work and shook her hand, thanking her for "keeping the character's feelings unchanged" and for adding her thirteen years of experience "to the current Shinji".[34]
In the following film, Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo (2012), in which Shinji is treated coldly by the rest of the cast, Ogata stated that she felt like him and experienced emotional pain. She first saw the scene in which Kaworu Nagisa reveals to Shinji the conditions of planet Earth in her home, when it was not yet animated. The recordings took place in March 2012, and she associated the destroyed landscape of the film with images of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, imagining that the catastrophe was her fault. During the pre-score, the drawings for Kaworu's death scene were not clear in the animatic, and the staff animated the keyframes during the recording touch-ups. Ogata was shocked when she performed the scene and stated that her interpretation could reflect her emotional state, resulting "kind of traumatic".[35]
For the final installment, Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time (2021), Ogata was involved more heavily in the plot's development. Anno felt he could no longer understand Shinji since his current self was closer to Gendo, so he needed Ogata's input. He also felt that the only people who could understand Shinji's feelings were Ogata herself and his assistant, Ikki Todoroki.[27][36] Ogata also recounted that Anno had asked her what sort of ending she'd prefer "as Shinji".[37] His adult self in the film is voiced by Ryūnosuke Kamiki,[38] while Spike Spencer and Casey Mongillo voiced him in the ADV and Netflix English dub, respectively.[24]
Appearances
Neon Genesis Evangelion
Shinji is the only child of Gendo Rokubungi and Yui Ikari,[39] a student at Kyoto University who became a researcher. When he was three years old, Yui brought Shinji to the Gehirn research center in Hakone to see Evangelion 01's first activation test. But in the ensuing accident, his mother disappeared before his eyes;[40] after the accident, Gendo left Shinji with a guardian for about ten years.[41] After becoming commander of the Nerv special agency, he invites Shinji to the city of Tokyo-3[42] to pilot Evangelion Unit-01 and protect the city from creatures known as Angels. Shinji reluctantly agrees, and fights against the Angel Sachiel. After the Angel attack, Shinji starts to live with Misato Katsuragi, a Nerv officer and his new guardian,[43][44] and attends school in Tokyo-3; after his arrival he gradually changes[45][46] and meets and befriends Toji Suzuhara and Kensuke Aida.[47] When the Angel Ramiel tries to destroy Nerv headquarters, Shinji and fellow pilot Rei Ayanami work together to destroy him.[48] After Ramiel's defeat, a nuclear-powered machine intended to fight the Angels called Jet Alone runs amok, and he and Misato stop it;[49] during this time, Shinji gradually starts to change his attitude, trying to be more open and spontaneous. He also meets Asuka Langley Soryu, an Eva pilot from Germany, and in the eighth episode they defeat the Angel Gaghiel together.[50]
In the second third of the series, Shinji, Rei and Asuka face more Angels and Shinji begins bonding with his peers, especially Asuka, becoming more confident and assertive. When they are sent to fight the Angel Leliel, Shinji, receiving praise from Gendo and improving his synchronization scores, accepts his role as an Evangelion pilot. He decides to attack on his own, but is sucked into a parallel universe by Leliel called the Dirac Sea, and within it he confronts the Angel and his inner self; he is freed from the Angel by Yui, whose soul is within the Eva.[51]
After Shinji is forced to fight Eva-03, controlled by the Angel Bardiel, with his classmate Toji Suzahara trapped inside, he decides to quit Nerv. Meanwhile, Angel Zeruel mutilates the other Evangelion units and defeats Rei and Asuka. After talking with his mentor and Misato's lover, Ryoji Kaji, Shinji returns to Nerv to protect the city.[52] He merges with its unit and frees the Evangelion; however, he is trapped in its core for a month.[53] Rei sacrifices herself in the battle against the Angel Armisael to save Shinji, and she is later revived through one of her clones. Asuka runs away and falls into a coma, and Toji and Kensuke flee Tokyo-3. These events cause Shinji to fall into depression. In the twenty-fourth episode, he meets Kaworu Nagisa, Asuka's substitute pilot, and they bond.[54] Kaworu turns out to be the final Angel, and Shinji is forced to kill him.[55][56] After Kaworu's death, Instrumentality begins and the souls of the entire humanity unite in a single collective consciousness. Shinji confronts his traumas and why he acts the way he does.[57] After talking with most of the Evangelion cast and seeing a version of himself in a world where he leads a normal life, Shinji becomes aware of his potential and realizes the importance of his thoughts, and he is congratulated by the rest of the cast.[58][59]
The End of Evangelion
The 1997 film The End of Evangelion continues Shinji's story, portraying his downward spiral into depression and him losing his will to live. Shinji visits a comatose Asuka in the hospital, and when his pleas for attention go unanswered, he masturbates over her body. He remains catatonic while all Nerv personnel, including Misato, are killed during an attack. He then decides to pilot the Eva to save those who are still alive, while Asuka is on the surface fighting the Mass Production Evas. However, he is unable to reach her in time, and when he learns about Asuka's defeat, the Evangelion moves on its own to let him reenter it. After seeing the mutilated corpse of Asuka's Unit-02, Shinji's intense emotions summon a spear called the Lance of Longinus to Earth[60][61] and the Eva becomes a tree of life.[62]
Shinji then has long dreamlike exchanges with Misato, Rei and Asuka about the pain of reality and his tensions with them. When he begs for Asuka's attention and she refuses him, arguing he only wants to use her as a crutch, Shinji begins Instrumentality and humanity's souls are united into one existence. After re-evaluating his position, he decides that he wants to live in a world where other people exist[63] and returns to Earth, allowing other humans to return. Shinji, having placed grave markers in memory of most of the other characters, awakens some time later, with Asuka lying next to him.[64] He suddenly tries to strangle her, but stops and breaks down when she regains consciousness and caresses his face.[65]
Rebuild of Evangelion
[Eva] is a story where the main character witnesses many horrors with his own eyes, but still tries to stand up again. It is a story of will; a story of moving forward, if only just a little. It is a story of fear, where someone who must face indefinite solitude fears reaching out to others, but still wants to try.
– Hideaki Anno, announcing the Rebuild of Evangelion movies[66]
In Rebuild of Evangelion, Shinji returns as the central protagonist; in Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone (2007), the first instalment of the saga, his role is similar to that of the anime series. He is assigned to be the pilot of Unit-01, and works with Rei to defeat the Angel Ramiel.[67] In the second instalment, Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance (2009), Shinji reluctantly continues his duties as the pilot of Unit-01. After the battle with the Angel Bardiel, when his father forces his Unit-01 to critically injure Asuka, Shinji retires from his duties and leaves Nerv. When the Angel Zeruel consumes Rei, Shinji returns and defeats the Angel; however, his decisions trigger the Third Impact. Shinji apparently saves Rei by fusing with the Evangelion.[68]
In the third film, Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo (2012), set fourteen years later, Shinji awakens to a world completely changed by the Third Impact and Misato and the others treat him with hostility. They place an explosive device named DSS Choker on his neck, which they will activate if he comes close to starting another Impact. After learning from Misato that they are part of Wille, a new organization fighting Nerv, Shinji leaves when Rei appears. At the remnants of Nerv, he is approached by Kaworu Nagisa, the pilot of Eva-13 who befriends him. He becomes despondent after Kaworu tells him that humanity holds him responsible for initiating the Third Impact. After Shinji realizes that he failed to save Rei and the new Rei is a clone, Nagisa convinces him to pilot Eva-13 with him. While confronting Asuka and Mari, Shinji begins a Fourth Impact; Eva-13 eats the twelfth Angel and ascends to divinity. Kaworu is killed by the DSS Choker he took from Shinji to stop the Fourth Impact. Devastated by these events, Shinji loses his will to live. Asuka rescues him from his Entry Plug, berating him for acting "like a baby". The Rei clone appears and follows them, as they head to the ruins of Tokyo-3 to be rescued by Wille.[69]
In Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time (2021), the last installment of the saga, Shinji, still distraught over Kaworu's death, wanders without a will to live with Asuka and Rei. With the two companions, he reaches a protected citadel called Village-3, which is inhabited by survivors of the various Impacts and is isolated from the outside world. Shinji meets his old classmates Toji, Kensuke, and Hikari Horaki, and, with help from Asuka and Rei, gradually regains the will to live. He then decides to leave with Asuka and the other members of Wille for Antarctica, where he boards Eva-01 to face his father Gendo and his Eva-13. As he is unable to defeat him with brute force, he decides to talk to him instead. Gendo apologizes to Shinji and embraces him, and Shinji finds himself in a reborn world. On a beach, he meets Mari Illustrious Makinami, saying goodbye to all the Evangelions. Shortly after, a visibly grown Shinji can be seen in a station; Mari comes to meet him, and the two of them walk together into a new world, holding hands.[70]
Manga
In Yoshiyuki Sadamoto's Neon Genesis Evangelion manga adaptation, Shinji's characterization differs. Sadamoto tried to portray him as more of a misfit, a young teenager who is more stubborn, rebellious, juvenile and apathetic than Hideaki Anno's insecure character.[71] In the anime's fourth episode, "Hedgehog's Dilemma", Shinji runs away from home because he is overwhelmed by responsibility; in the manga, he runs away because he realizes that Misato is spying on him and documenting his every move.[72] After the battle against Bardiel, in which his friend Toji dies following an order from Commander Ikari, Shinji tries to punch his father.[73] He has a close relationship with Rei in the manga[74] and Kaji is more of a mentor to him.[72]
Shinji's relationship with Kaworu is troubled in the manga; he accuses Kaworu of being cynical and strange.[75] His backstory is also modified, having an unnamed aunt,[76] uncle and cousins, and memories of his childhood away from Gendo are shown. As well, a different Instrumentality is shown, with Shinji saving Asuka during her fight against the Mass Production Evangelions.[77] At the end, he is seen leading a normal life in a reformed world and sees Asuka while waiting for a train, although they only have a faint recollection of one another.[78]
Sadamoto decided to work on an Evangelion manga when he saw Shinji in the first episodes of the original series. He wondered "what the world looked like through Shinji's eyes". While in the anime Shinji's motto is "I must not run away", Sadamoto chose "being honest with themselves" as the main theme for the manga.[79] This led Sadamoto to change Shinji's characterization and psychology. He wanted to reflect contemporary teenagers in the character and was influenced by the Gulf War, wondering how a 14-year-old would have behaved on a helicopter.[80] Sadamoto also drew upon his own experiences as an adolescent, saying that his characterization was "more like a flunk-out" than Anno's version.[2][81] He conceived Shinji with a "clean image that a woman tends to project" in his mind, portraying him as a "cold, unambitious" character, "the type who would commit suicide, but can't bring himself to do it" and trying to design a character from the more stoic part of himself. He stated that "It was my intention to create a wistful character who had given up on life".[2] According to Anno's thought process, a twisted person puts on a "cool face" to hide their insanity, while Sadamoto perceived his approach as the opposite; Sadamoto described his characters as stoic and earnest but with a twisted outside, "just like a child". He also described his Shinji as a character that refuses to listen but "still makes the right decision".[2]
In other media
In a scene from the last episode of the series, an alternate universe is presented, which has a different story from the previous episodes; in this parallel reality, Shinji lives with both his parents and is a normal middle-school student.[82][83] He is also a protagonist in Shinji Ikari Raising Project and Neon Genesis Evangelion: Angelic Days, where he is portrayed as happier and more stable than his anime counterpart, characterization which is also found in Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel 2nd.[84]
Some spin-offs and video games have the option of pairing Shinji romantically with Asuka Langley Soryu, Rei Ayanami, Kaworu[85][86] and other characters, including his classmate Hikari Horaki[87] and original characters such as Mana Kirishima, an extrovert transfer student first introduced in the video game Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel,[88][89] and Mayumi Yamagishi, an introverted girl in the video game Neon Genesis Evangelion: 2nd Impression.[90] In Neon Genesis Evangelion: Shinji Ikari Raising Project, he is presented as a childhood friend of Asuka and a distant cousin of Rei Ayanami.[91] In Petit Eva: Evangelion@School, Shinji is portrayed as a boy "frightened by the idea of growing up" but popular amongst the students of Tokyo-3's Municipal Nerv High School.[92] In Evangelion: Detective Shinji Ikari, Kaji and Kaworu are portrayed as private investigators whom Shinji asks for help and investigates a mysterious case.[93]
In Neon Genesis Evangelion: Anima, set three years after The End of Evangelion with a different Instrumentality scenario, Shinji is 17 years old;[94] he lets his hair grow and is a good friend of Rei and Asuka. He first pilots the Evangelion Unit-01 Type-F and, after the attack of Eva0.0 (Quatre) and the unification of his soul with Eva-01, pilots the mecha Super Evangelion and its upgrades.[95] In addition to video games based on the original animated series, Shinji appears in media outside the Evangelion franchise, such as Monster Strike,[96] Tales of Zestiria,[97] Puzzle & Dragons,[98] The Battle Cats,[99] and a crossover episode of Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion, in which he is voiced by Ogata and pilots a 500 Type Eva transformable train.[100] For Shinkalion, Ogata voiced him as a more "level-headed" character.[101] He is a playable character in the Super Robot Wars crossover video-game franchise,[102] where he and other Evangelion characters work with characters from other mecha series. Shinji has crushes on other characters, such as Lynn Minmay, sparking jealousy in Asuka, who tries to recapture his attention.[103] In other games, Eva Unit-01 goes berserk after fighting the fourth Angel and he fights Kouji Kabuto and Mazinger Z. He later rejoins the battle against the Angels with Rei Ayanami.[104]
Characterization and themes
Shinji is a dependent and introverted boy with few friends,[105][106] reluctant and unable to communicate with other people.[107][108] He tends to be apologetic and passive in his relationships,[109][110][111] and he is frightened by contact with strangers.[112] He also avoids choosing his clothes, wearing clothes provided by others.[113] Unlike a stereotypical hero, particularly of the mecha genre, Shinji is more apathetic and reluctant than courageous.[114][115][116] According to his voice actress, Megumi Ogata, "he didn't act like an anime character, but typically talked very quietly and sparingly, and it was like he was suddenly thrust into an anime world".[117] Character designer Sadamoto conceived him as "the kind of character who would encase himself in a shell of his own making".[2] Director Hideaki Anno similarly described him as a "cowardly young man" who has convinced himself that "he is a completely unnecessary person" after his father Gendo abandoned him.[4][118]
According to writer Gerald Alva Miller, Shinji craves acceptance and is concerned about how others perceive him, but "he also remains incapable of accepting love from others".[119] His childhood trauma leads him to doubt the value of his existence, to be disheartened, and to seek a raison d'être;[120] he also insistently wonders about why he pilots Eva-01 in the latter part of the series.[121] In a stream of consciousness from the last two episodes, which focus on his path and psyche,[122] he admits being afraid of himself and of his father.[123][124][125] Despite the tension between him and his father, however, Shinji yearns to trust him.[126][127] He also pilots Eva-01 for the approval of others,[128][129] particularly Gendo, rather than out of heroism or idealism.[130][131] Despite this, assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki noted that Shinji acts in opposition to the conventional impression of him: "He is not cowardly and indecisive; he is obstinate and doesn't pay any mind to other people."[132] Anno described him as "both an introvert and righteous" boy who tends to categorize things, the kind of character who tends to hide something, "like a way to escape from that closure".[1] Furthermore, according to Sadamoto, he is not as dark as perceived by fans; with the exception of The End of Evangelion, in which he is portrayed as "pretty dark and introspective", he stated that he never got the impression of a dark character in the original series.[133] According to Ogata, at the end of the film Shinji grows up, naturally closing his path from childhood to adulthood.[117]
Writer Paul M. Malone compared him to the German jurist and writer Daniel Paul Schreber,[134] noting "a surprising degree of intertextuality" with his Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, although he did not consider Evangelion to be based directly on his Memoirs.[135] Malone, following Japanese critic and writer Kotani Mari, described Shinji as an effeminate and androgynous character.[136] According to Mari, Shinji becomes effeminate in the course of the story, and she described him as a "female savior".[137] Other critics described him as a messianic figure[138][139] and likened to Jesus Christ, who in Japanese is known by the epithet of shinjin (神人), "God-man".[140] He has also been likened to Oedipus.[141] Writer and animation critic Patrick Drazen similarly compared the dilemma faced by Shinji in the twenty-fourth episode against the Angel Tabris to Hamlet, the protagonist of Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name.[142]
For the Japanese sociologist Tsutomu Hashimoto, Shinji could be seen as an heir of the Japanese society of the seventies and eighties, engaged in the search for freedom from social constraints and the figures of authoritarian family fathers; the sociologist cited the musician Yutaka Ozaki as a symbol of this search for freedom, since he tried to escape from the impositions of the school system and he eventually "returned" to the mother figure.[143] Hashimoto compared Shinji's final choice, in which he rejects the Instrumentality Project desired by the authoritarian father Gendo, to the concept of liberalism, which prescribes respect for any individual identity.[143] Other critics associated the character with the youth and climate of 1990s Japan, shaken by the Tokyo subway sarin attack operated by the Japanese sect Aum Shinrikyō, the Great Hanshin earthquake, and the bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble.[144][145]
After his arrival on Tokyo-3, Shinji repeats "I mustn't run away" in an attempt to face his responsibilities, and the sentence becomes a typical mantra of the character.[146][147] In the twentieth episode he remembers escaping from the experimental site where his mother died, an event that generated in him the idea of "not running away", which an official pamphlet describes as "compulsive".[148] In an interview Anno said that, contrary to the interpretation by fans, the theme of the series is not about "not having to run way", but "It's ok to run away";[149] according to him, "it's perfectly fine" to run away sometimes and that "There are things that you gain and things that you lose running away, after all. Although, if you don't pick something, then there are times when you get neither. That's the same as with dying".[149] Hiroki Azuma, a Japanese philosopher and cultural critic, speaking of his motto "I mustn't run away", described Evangelion as a story that depicts "anxiety without a cause", linking this feeling to the repercussions after the Aum Shinrikyō attack.[150] Azuma also described Shinji and other characters in the series as "stereotypical characters" through which Anno succeeded to describe the nineties.[151] Psychiatrist Kōji Mizobe indicated him as a dependent boy unable to communicate,[152] but also argued that the fundamental characteristic of Shinji is sociability, describing him as a "sympathetic person" who accepts and imitates others. Mizobe interpreted a scene from the ninth episode, in which he synchronizes with Asuka's movements during a train, as proof of this ability.[153] He also interpreted Evangelion as a story in which the main characters try to build their stable identity, saying that Shinji and Asuka's communication problems are the reason why even years after the first airing younger Japanese viewers identify themselves with the characters.[154][155]
Critics interpreted Shinji as an alter ego of the series director, Hideaki Anno,[156] and as an otaku.[157][158] IGN's Ramsey Isler interpreted his feelings as a reflection of Anno's mood; according to him, Anno "went through a serious bout of depression while making the show and like a true artist he poured all of that emotion and despair into his work".[159] Isler also interpreted his characterization and his battles against the Angels as a metaphor for Anno's attempts "to defeat his own personal demons".[159] Assistant director Tsurumaki gave a similar interpretation, working on the series with the idea that Shinji's emotions are a reflection of Anno's feelings: "That's why in the scenario planning sessions I was always saying something like, 'Isn't that a little too hero-like for Shinji to say? Hideaki Anno isn't that much of a hero'".[160] Tsurumaki also thought that Shinji could only be understood by "Japanese fans of this generation".[23]
Critics analyzed the conflictual relationship between him and his father, comparing him with the protagonists of the works by director Yoshiyuki Tomino, especially to Amuro Ray, the main character in Mobile Suit Gundam.[161][162] Artist Takashi Murakami interpreted Shinji's interior drama as "the endpoint of the postwar lineage of otaku favorites", such as Godzilla, the series of the Ultra franchise, Space Battleship Yamato or Gundam, in which hero-figures increasingly question and agonize over their missions to defend Earth and humanity.[163] According to Toshio Okada, former president of Gainax and an acquaintance of Hideaki Anno, Evangelion and Gundam are completely different; for Okada, one thrust of the story of Gundam is "the main character's desire to be recognized by others", since in mecha anime the characters generally try to change the world, while Evangelion "complicated the whole thing, raising issues", since no one can save the world.[164] According to Italian researcher Fabio Bartoli, Shinji is a "perfect representative" of the otaku generation. He described him as "a young man with relationship difficulties, accustomed to spending a lot of time at home".[165] Bartoli wrote that the last scene of the anime, in which the boy's glass prison shatters ending his psychoanalytic session, may allude to the shinjinrui (新人類, lit. "new human race"), the Japanese generation born in the 1970s, which is also known as crystal-zoku (クリスタル族, lit. "crystal tribe").[165] Writer Andrea Fontana agreed, seeing him as a representation of otaku and their inability to relate to others. Fontana also saw in Shinji's character "an exhortation" by Anno to otaku, Japanese society, and young people "to break the crystal cage in which they locked themselves up, looking confidently at their neighbor".[166]
Psychoanalysis
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Godzilla_Resurgence_World_Premiere_Red_Carpet-_Anno_Hideaki_%2828526527191%29.jpg/180px-Godzilla_Resurgence_World_Premiere_Red_Carpet-_Anno_Hideaki_%2828526527191%29.jpg)
Shinji's personality traits have been linked to psychiatric conditions, such as depressive disorder, anxiety,[167][168] social phobia,[169] and borderline personality.[170] Walter Veit of Psychology Today linked his passive attitude in the first episodes to Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist concept of bad faith and Albert Camus's "philosophical suicide".[171] Gualtiero Cannarsi, editor of the Italian adaptation of the series, noticed that Shinji struggles to make friends and has a cold, reserved attitude in the third episode, "A Transfer". Like the porcupines of Arthur Schopenhauer's Parerga and Paralipomena, Shinji is afraid to be hurt and withdraws from human contact; he suffers, in fact, from the porcupine's dilemma.[172] Shinji's relationship with Misato Katsuragi follows Schopenhauer's concept; Cannarsi also noticed that in the fourth episode, "Hedgehog's Dilemma", the characters get closer without hurting each other.[146][173] Schopenhauer originally named his concept after the porcupine, or Hystricidae (Stachelschweine in German), but staff chose an alternative translation for the title of the installment, since they wanted to portray Shinji as a hedgehog,[174][175] an animal with smaller, blunter spines than a porcupine, suggesting more delicacy for the character.[176][177]
Critics noticed that, since he lost his mother traumatically, Shinji seeks a substitute in the women around him[178][179] and in Eva-01, which contains her soul.[180][181] Academic Susan J. Napier also interpreted the Angels as "father figures, whom Shinji must annihilate".[182] Anime News Network reviewer Mike Crandol noticed that Shinji depends on Unit 01 in the first part of the series, becoming negatively affected by the symbiotic relationship. Crandol described his entry into Eva-01 as a Freudian "return to the womb" and his struggle to be free of the Eva as his "rite of passage" into manhood.[183] Anno also described Shinji as a boy with a strong Oedipus complex for his father, Gendo. The Oedipal triangle is completed by their common interest in Rei Ayanami, a genetic clone of Yui Ikari.[184][185] According to him, Shinji symbolically "kills" his father "and steals his mother from him".[186]
Yūichirō Oguro, the editor of supplemental materials included in the Japanese edition of the series, interpreted Neon Genesis Evangelion's plot as an Oedipal story. Eva-01 can be seen as a motherly breast and a source of ambivalence for the character. To manage this ambivalence, Shinji "split the breast" into a good and a bad breast.[187][188] Oguro described berserk Unit 01 as a "bad breast"; on the other part, he interpreted Yui as a "good breast" that eventually saves Shinji during the battles with the Angels.[158]
In the twentieth episode, "Weaving a story 2: Oral Stage", Shinji is trapped in Eva-01, dissolving into its cockpit; in a stream of consciousness, he has visions linked with the Freudian oral stage, which include breastfeeding by Yui.[189] With his mother's help, Shinji is symbolically reborn, finding the will to live and regaining his body.[190] He also displays features linked with oralism,[191][192] a personality of dependent, weak individuals[193] who see other people as tools to satisfy them.[194][148] According to Freudian theory, oral personalities were not adequately fed during weaning. For Oguro, Shinji resolves his oral fixation with the vision of his mother's breast, becoming a more self-conscious individual.[195] In the last two episodes, he also sees the good and bad sides of other people; Anno himself compared him to a child and his ambivalent relationship with the mother during the oral stage.[149] Shinji's Oedipus complex then resolves in the final episode, which ends with the captions "To my father, thank you" and "To my mother, goodbye", indicating his entry into adulthood.[196][197] In the film The End of Evangelion, he also chooses to live with other human beings, rejecting Human Instrumentality and accepting other people.[198][199]
Cultural impact
Popularity
Shinji's character has been popular in Japan. The character's appreciation was also reflected in popularity polls, even years after the anime's first airing.[200][201][202][203][204] After the series' first run, Shinji ranked second among "most popular male characters of the moment" in an Animage magazine Grand Prix poll.[205] In the following two years' rankings, he rose to first place. In the 1997 Anime Grand Prix, Shinji received about 1,200 votes, more than double those of the second character. Megumi Ogata finished second in the voice-actor rankings for three years.[206][207] Shinji also appeared in the magazine's monthly surveys, remaining in the top 20 in 1996,[208] 1997[209][210][211][212][213] and 1998.[214] In 1998, Animage ranked him 21st among the 100 most popular anime characters and 55th in 1999.[215][216]
In 1998, Shinji emerged in first place among the best "dark characters" in a survey by Animedia magazine, and the magazine itself praised its complexity.[217] For several years he also appeared in the periodical's annual popularity rankings, usually among the top ten.[218][219][220][221] He placed 77th in a 2002 TV Asahi poll ranking the most popular anime characters of all time, and 25th in a 2007 list of most popular male heroes.[222][223] Shinji also topped Newtype magazine's popularity charts,[224][225][226][227][228] finishing third and first in August and September 2009.[229][230] He finished third in October, becoming the most popular Evangelion male character on the list.[231] In March 2010, a new Newtype survey decreed him the most popular male character of the nineties.[232]
In 2014, foreigners living in Japan were asked: "Which character do you aspire to look like?". Amid a wide variety of answers, Shinji finished seventh.[233] In 2012, Fuji TV asked about 14,000 fans to name the "best anime hero", and Shinji finished twentieth.[234] In 2016, he finished thirteenth in an Anime News Network poll of the "strongest pilots" in Japanese animation.[235] In April 2021, after the release of the final Rebuild film, he finished second most popular male character in a Newtype poll,[236] placing at fifth place in May, and first place in June.[237]
Critical reaction
[Shinji] is one of the most nuanced, popular, and relatable characters in anime history. Interestingly, he's also a punchable, sniveling little whiner. But you know what? We've all been there. We don't like Shinji because of what he represents in ourselves: that part of us that is prone to giving up and abandoning personal responsibilities because life is unfair and we think we should just be able to rely on other people to make everything better for us while ignoring the fact that those other people have their own problems. But at the same time as we dislike Shinji and what he reminds us of, we understand him entirely.
– Nick Verboon, Unreality Magazine[238]
The character evoked mixed opinions, dividing anime critics.[239] Some criticized Shinji's insecurities,[240] his vulnerability,[241] and his lack of temper and resoluteness.[242][243] Pete Harcoff, a reviewer for the Anime Critic website, praised Neon Genesis Evangelion but criticized Shinji as ineffective and disappointing to watch.[244] THEM Anime Reviews noticed the character's constant angst in the television series as a negative trait.[245] Raphael See found Evangelion "a little cliche, or just plain irritating at times" and criticized Shinji's pessimism.[246] Japanator listed him among "characters with no chance in reality", saying that "he really sucks as an Eva pilot and he has the spine of a jellyfish".[247] Comic Book Resources also criticized Shinji as a stereotypical talented male protagonist with a harem.[248]
Other critics praised the character's realism.[249][250] For Anime News Network's Nick Creamer, "every element of Shinji's emotional journey is conveyed with clear sympathy and brutal specificity".[251] According to Susan J. Napier, Shinji "still wins the championship for most psychologically complex (or just plain neurotic) male character ever created".[252] Critics also described him as one of the most relatable male anime characters.[238][253] IGN editor Chris Mackenzie ranked him the twenty-fifth best anime character of all time.[254] Anime Invasion magazine Jen Contino similarly praised Shinji's characterization and rated him the ninth-best anime character of all time.[255]
In 2013, Anime News Network editor Lynzee Lam ranked him in the first place of seven "crybaby heroes" in Japanese animation, but praised his motivation and psychological realism.[256] IGN's Ramsey Isler called him the "greatest anime character" of all time, praising his originality and realistic characterization. Isler concluded, "He's a character that challenges the audience by not giving them a superficial, vicarious power fantasy like you'd get from so many other anime. He is pathetic, but that is what makes him great. That is what makes him a genuine work of art".[159]
Shinji's role in the Rebuild of Evangelion films was better received, with reviewers praising its more open character.[257] Martin Theron of Anime News Network, reviewing Evangelion 1.0: You Are (Not) Alone, praised Shinji's realism.[258] Theron called the scene in Evangelion: 2.22 You Can (Not) Advance where Shinji saves Rei the "Best Scene" in the website's "Best (and Most Notable) of 2011": "This is the first time in the entire franchise that he whole-heartedly goes after something because he wants it, rather than because he's expected to or has no choice."[259] Despite criticizing the third film, a number of reviewers praised Shinji's interactions with Kaworu.[260][261] Nicoletta Christina Browne of THEM Anime Reviews criticized their relationship, finding it "rushed", artificial and unclear.[262] Comic Book Resources writer Daniel Kurland also praised his role in the final installment, Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time, writing: "Shinji deserves happiness, and it makes Thrice Upon A Time the more powerful conclusion that it finally allows Shinji to reach this point and not leave him in existential dread".[263]
Legacy
![See caption](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shinji_Ikari_taxi_in_Sapporo_20130224.jpg/310px-Shinji_Ikari_taxi_in_Sapporo_20130224.jpg)
Shinji-themed merchandise has been released, including clothing,[264][265] action figures, collectible models,[266][267] perfumes,[268] and drinks.[269] The character has been used for Japan Racing Association advertising campaigns[270] and for a culinary company specializing in miso soups; "Shijimi from Lake Shinji" campaign also proved successful.[271][272] Movic has also released a cassette drama featuring him as part of its Animate series featuring other popular works.[273]
With Shinji Ikari, according to Comic Book Resources, Neon Genesis Evangelion had a significant influence on Japanese animation, showing a more realistic, insecure and fragile protagonist than other past mecha series.[274] Guilty Crown staff member Ryo Ōyama compared Shū Ōma, the series' main character, to Shinji, since: "They're both in their own world, and they don't come out from that world".[275] According to Ōyama, Shū is "a 2011 version of Shinji", but Shinji has a "more passive", pessimistic attitude.[275] Asa Butterfield similarly compared Shinji to Ender Wiggin in Ender's Game, whom he played. According to Butterfield, both characters "withdraw from the world", face new experiences and fight against unknown enemies.[276] His Japanese voice actress Ogata likened Makoto Naegi from the Danganronpa franchise, which she played, to Shinji, because they're both ordinary boys "put in terrible situations".[277]
Lain Iwakura from Serial Experiments Lain,[278] Simon from Gurren Lagann,[279] Daisuke Dojima from Revisions,[280] Kōji Aiba from Infinite Ryvius,[281] Cloud Strife from Final Fantasy VII[282] and the main character of Cyborg She[283] were also compared with him by anime critics. In the fourth episode of the dorama Nigeru wa Haji da ga Yaku ni Tatsu, a character named Shinji after him appears.[284] Shinji is also referenced by Steven Universe in the show of the same name, which parodies the series' final scene.[285] The British group Fightstar included a track named "Shinji Ikari" on the deluxe-edition bonus disc of their album, One Day Son, This Will All Be Yours,[286] while Open Mike Eagle named a song from his album Anime, Trauma and Divorce "Headass (Idiot Shinji)".[287] Kong: Skull Island director Jordan Vogt-Roberts also named the character Gunpei Ikari after him.[288]
References
Text was copied/adapted from Shinji Ikari at Evageeks wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
- ^ a b From the interview contained in Genesis 0:0 as part of the Evangelion Renewal edition bonus extras.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (2012). "My Thoughts at the Moment". Neon Genesis Evangelion 3-in-1 Edition. Vol. 1. Viz Media. pp. 346–348. ISBN 978-1-4215-5079-4. Archived from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ^ McKevitt, Andrew C. (2010). ""You Are Not Alone!": Anime and the Globalizing of America". Diplomatic History. 34 (5): 900. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2010.00899.x. JSTOR 24916463. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Sadamoto, Yoshiyuki (December 1998) [1995]. "What were we trying to make here?". Neon Genesis Evangelion, Vol. 1. Essay by Hideaki Anno; translated by Mari Morimoto, English adaptation by Fred Burke. San Francisco: VIZ Media LLC. pp. 170–171. ISBN 1-56931-294-X.
- ^ Takeda, Yasuhiro (2002). The Notenki memoirs: studio Gainax and the men who created Evangelion. ADV Manga. pp. 164–165. ISBN 1-4139-0234-0.
- ^ Kei Watanabe; Daichi Nakagawa; Tsunehiro Uno (May 18, 2006). "Evangelion Special: From phenomenon to legacy". Mainichi Times. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Interview with Yoshiyuki Sadamoto in Der Mond: The Art of Yoshiyuki Sadamoto - Deluxe Edition. Kadokawa Shoten. 1999. ISBN 4-04-853031-3.
- ^ Takekuma 1997, pp. 134–135.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 56–57.
- ^ "Gainax Co-Founder's Sinking of Japan Comes to UK DVD". Anime News Network. January 15, 2008. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "A new beginning". Newtype USA. 6 (8). A.D. Vision: 66. August 2007.
- ^ Anno, Hideaki (November 2, 2000). "Essay" (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Theatralical VHS Box Booklet (in Japanese). King Amusement Creative. 1997.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 13. Sony Magazines. pp. 25–26.
- ^ House, Michael (11 November 2011). "Interviewing translator Michael House". Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ Shinichiro Inoue (June 1996). "EVA, 再擧 庵野秀明 スペシ Special Interview". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 162–177.
- ^ Japan Edge: The Insider's Guide to Japanese Pop Subculture (PDF). Viz Media. 1999. ISBN 156931-345-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
[Anno] speaks with a different aspect of his persona through every character - from his cowardly, desolate "son", Shinji, who motivated him to create Eva in the first place.
- ^ Wong, Amos (January 1996). "Interview with Hideaki Anno, director of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion'". Aerial Magazine. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2007.
- ^ "Virtual Panel! Meet Hideaki Anno". Animerica. Vol. 4, no. 9. Viz Media. 1996. p. 27.
- ^ Sanenari 1997, p. 44.
- ^ "Otakon - Kazuya Tsurumaki". Fansview.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Owen Thomas. "Amusing Himself to Death: Kazuya Tsurumaki speaks about the logic and illogic that went into creating FLCL". Akadot.com. Archived from the original on June 19, 2002. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ a b Carl Gustav Horn. "FLCL is the formula". Pulp-mag.com. PULP. Archived from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "Shinji Ikari". Behindthevoiceactors.com. Behind The Voice Actors. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "鋼鉄のガールフレンド 2nd - Report". Gainax.co.jp (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "惣流・アスカ・ラングレー役の声優 宮村優子さんへのアフレコインタビュー!". Broccoli.co.jp (in Japanese). BROCCOLI. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
- ^ a b "「庵野さん、卒業おめでとう」緒方恵美が振り返る、庵野秀明と碇シンジとの25年". Movie Walker Press (in Japanese). March 23, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
- ^ "「エヴァ」のシンジ役、庵野監督のオファーを断っていた!? 緒方恵美『再生(仮)』試し読み#3". カドブン (in Japanese). April 23, 2021. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ "Rocking the Boat". Akadot.com. April 27, 2001. Archived from the original on June 23, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Carlos Cadorniga (December 4, 2015). "Evangelion Voice Actress Ogata Recounts Mental and Physical Stress of Role". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Megumi Ogata (2012). "With all my respect to the two Shinjis ...". Neon Genesis Evangelion 3-in-1 Edition. Vol. 1. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-5079-4.
- ^ "出演者コメント". Death & Rebirth Program Book (in Japanese). 1997.
- ^ "EVA新生!!". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. October 1997.
- ^ "【第1特集】ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版:破". CONTINUE (in Japanese). No. 46. Ōta Shuppan. June 2009.
- ^ ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版:Q 記録集 (in Japanese). 17 November 2012. pp. 42–46.
- ^ "Megumi Ogata as Shinji Ikari". Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Theatrical Pamphlet (in Japanese). Japan. 2021. pp. 17–21. ASIN B08Y85RJ9Q.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Japan Expo 2019 - Choses vues #9 : Evangelion marque de son empreinte les vingt ans de Japan Expo !". ActuaBD (in French). June 6, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ^ "『シン・エヴァンゲリオン劇場版:||』ネタバレありで徹底考察【鑑賞済】" (in Japanese). 11 March 2021. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. p. 15.
- ^ Gainax, ed. (1997). Death & Rebirth Program Book (in Japanese). p. 40.
- ^ "Characters". Gainax. Archived from the original on November 27, 1999. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. pp. 5–6.
- ^ Gainax, ed. (1997). "用語集". The End of Evangelion Program Book (in Japanese).
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 69.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 4.
- ^ 新世紀エヴァンゲリオンRPG 決戦!第3新東京市 (in Japanese). Fujimi Shobo. 1996. p. 13. ISBN 4-8291-4314-2.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A (in French). Glénat. 2009. p. 9. ISBN 978-2-7234-7120-6.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 11. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 18. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 22. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 24. Sony Magazines. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 63–64.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 70–72.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 74.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. pp. 82–85. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 95.
- ^ From the notes of the Red Cross Book.
- ^ "連続TVアニメーション作品 全26本 1995年10月3日〜1996年3月27日 TV東京系にて放" (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on January 18, 2005. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 90. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ "碇シンジに花束を". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten: 16–17. September 1997.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 96. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, Masayuki (directors) (1997). Neon Genesis Evangelion: The End of Evangelion (Film). Studio Gainax.
- ^ "Hideaki Anno Releases Statement About New Evangelion Movies". Anime News Network. February 20, 2007. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, Masayuki (directors) (2007). Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone (Film). Studio Khara.
- ^ Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, Masayuki (directors) (2009). Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance (Film). Studio Khara.
- ^ Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, Masayuki (directors) (2013). Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo (Film). Studio Khara.
- ^ Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, Katsuichi Nakayama, Mahiro Maeda (directors) (2021). Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time (Film). Studio Khara.
- ^ Horn, Carl (October 2004). "The Mysterious Stranger - Eva Monkey, an Evangelion Fan Website". EvaMonkey.com. Viz Media. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ a b Gramuglia, Anthony (April 29, 2020). "The Best Version of Evangelion's Story Isn't Animated". CBR. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011). 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 公式ガイドブック (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 85. ISBN 978-4-04-715671-5.
- ^ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011). 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 公式ガイドブック (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 90. ISBN 978-4-04-715671-5.
- ^ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011). 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 公式ガイドブック (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 97. ISBN 978-4-04-715671-5.
- ^ Carl Gustav Horn. "Gendo Ikari". Neon Genesis Evangelion. Vol. 10. Viz Media.
- ^ Sadamoto, Yoshiyuki (2012). "Stage 84. "Calling"". Neon Genesis Evangelion. Vol. 13. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-5291-0.
- ^ Sadamoto, Yoshiyuki (2015). "Final Stage". Neon Genesis Evangelion. Vol. 14. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-7835-4.
- ^ Takekuma 1997, pp. 136–138.
- ^ "Milano Manga Festival: Reportage dei Sadamoto Days". Animeclick.it (in Italian). 11 July 2013. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
- ^ "Animerica Interview - Yoshiyuki Sadamoto". Animerica. 6 (8). Viz Media: 7. 1998.
- ^ Napier 2002, p. 427.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 24. Sony Magazines. p. 8.
- ^ "鋼鉄のガールフレンド 2nd" (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "碇シンジ育成計画". Gainax.co.jp (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "碇シンジ育成計画 - Game". Gainax.co.jp (in Japanese). Gainax. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン セガサターン パーフェクトガイド (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 1997. pp. 45–47. ISBN 4-04-707017-3.
- ^ "「新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 鋼鉄のガールフレンド<特別編>ポータブル」が,4月9日に発売". 4gamer.net (in Japanese). January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Gramuglia, Anthony (July 3, 2019). "Neon Genesis Evangelion Has Some Truly Bizarre Spinoffs". Cbr.com. CBR. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "Neon Genesis Evangelion: Second Impression". EX. Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Shinji Ikari Raising Project vol. 1". Activeanime.com. August 29, 2009. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Characters". Newtype USA. Vol. 6, no. 6. A.D. Vision. June 2007. p. 67.
- ^ "Dark Horse Adds Trigun Anthology, Evangelion Detective Manga". Anime News Network. September 30, 2012. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Anima Visual Book (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. 2010. p. 32. ISBN 978-4048685269.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Anima Visual Book (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. 2010. p. 18. ISBN 978-4048685269.
- ^ "【モンスト】「エヴァンゲリオン」コラボ第3弾が開催!限定ガチャや「葛城ミサト」も新登場". G123.jp (in Japanese). October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ ""Evangelion" Costume Set for "Tales of Zestiria" Offered in America and Europe". CrunchyRoll. November 12, 2015. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Neon Genesis Evangelion Revisits Puzzle & Dragons". Siliconera.com. Siliconera. November 17, 2015. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Evangelion Returns to The Battle Cats With All-new Content". Anime News Network. May 1, 2021. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ "Misato Brings 'Service, Service' to Shinkalion's Giant Eva-Filled Episode". Anime News Network. August 3, 2018. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "シンカリオンに登場した碇シンジは、エヴァンゲリオンの碇シンジと何が違ったのか?". @DIME アットダイム (in Japanese). September 19, 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ Sounders, Mike (April 26, 2018). "Import Review: Super Robot Wars V". Destructoid.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ B.B. Studio (2000). Super Robot Wars Alpha (PlayStation) (in Japanese). Banpresto.
- ^ B.B. Studio (2017). Super Robot Wars V (PlayStation 4) (in Japanese). Bandai Namco Entertainment.
- ^ "エヴァ制作開始インタビュー". Newtype Magazine. Kadokawa Shoten: 4. April 1995. Archived from the original on December 15, 2000. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (2008). "Cast". Evangelion Collection (in Italian). Vol. 1. Panini Comics. ISBN 978-88-6346-201-2.
- ^ "シンジ". Neon Genesis Evangelion Photo File: ADAM - Soldier at the 2015AD (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 1996. p. 6. ISBN 4-04-852681-2.
- ^ "登場人物". Death & Rebirth Program Book (in Japanese). Gainax. 1997.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 50.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 19. Sony Magazines. pp. 21–22.
- ^ Poggio 2008, p. 7.
- ^ "公開直前『エヴァンゲリオン』&『もののけ姫』". Nikkei Entertainment (in Japanese). 1997. Archived from the original on February 10, 2001. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 62.
- ^ Haslem, Ndalianis & Mackie 2007, p. 113.
- ^ Napier 2002, pp. 424–425.
- ^ Tsuribe, Manabu. "Prison of Self-consciousness: an Essay on Evangelion". www001.upp.so-net.ne.jp. Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ a b "Ikari Shinji". Gainax. Archived from the original on July 22, 2001. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Carl Gustav Horn. "Anno Mirabilis". J-pop.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2001. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Miller, Gerald Alva Jr. (2012). Exploring the Limits of the Human Through Science Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-137-26285-1.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. p. 25.
- ^ Ishikawa, Satomi (2007). Seeking the Self: Individualism and Popular Culture in Japan. Peter Lang. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-3-03910-874-9.
- ^ Tavassi, Guido (2012). Storia dell'animazione giapponese: Autori, arte, industria, successo dal 1917 ad oggi (in Italian). Tunué. p. 248. ISBN 978-88-97165-51-4.
- ^ Traphagan, John W.; Hashimoto, Akiko (2009). Imagined Families, Lived Families Culture and Kinship in Contemporary Japan. State University of New York Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7914-7577-5.
- ^ Napier 2002, p. 426.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 86. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (March 31, 2011). 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 公式ガイドブック (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 17. ISBN 978-4-04-715671-5.
- ^ "Neon Genesis Evangelion". Viz Media. Archived from the original on May 1, 1999. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Characters" (in Italian). Dynit. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Evangelion: 1:01 - You Are (Not) Alone Booklet (in Italian). Dynit. 2008.
- ^ Megumi Hayashibara (2012). "The voices in your head that you pass without hearing". Neon Genesis Evangelion 3-in-1. Vol. 1. Viz Media. pp. 516–517. ISBN 978-1-4215-5079-4.
- ^ Card H-2, Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Card Game, Bandai (1998).
- ^ "鶴巻 和哉". Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance Complete Records Collection (in Japanese). Ground Works. 2012. pp. 323–351. ISBN 978-4-905033-00-4.
- ^ "Yoshiyuki Sadamoto Young Ace interview". The Planets That Matter. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ Haslem, Ndalianis & Mackie 2007, p. 5.
- ^ Haslem, Ndalianis & Mackie 2007, p. 120.
- ^ Haslem, Ndalianis & Mackie 2007, p. 123.
- ^ Mari, Kotani (1997). "Evangelion as the Immaculate Virgin". 聖母エヴァンゲリオン—A new millennialist perspective on the daughters of Eve. Magazine House. ISBN 483870917X.
- ^ Broderick, Mick (2002). "Anime's Apocalypse: Neon Genesis Evangelion as Millennarian Mecha". Gender, History, and Culture in the Asian Context. 7.
- ^ Thouny, Christophe (2009). "Waiting for the Messiah: The Becoming-Myth of "Evangelion" and "Densha otoko"". Mechademia. 4: 111–129. doi:10.1353/mec.0.0066. ISBN 978-0-8166-6749-9. S2CID 52219780. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Fujie, Kazuhisa; Foster, Martin (2004). Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide. United States: DH Publishing, Inc. p. 121. ISBN 0-9745961-4-0.
- ^ Poggio 2008, p. 93.
- ^ Drazen, Patrick (2014). Anime Explosion!: The What? Why? and Wow! of Japanese Animation - Revised & Updated Edition. Stone Bridge Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-61172-013-6.
- ^ a b "シンジ君、嘆くより理想の社会を考えてみよう" (in Japanese). Nikkei Business. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ "一场大火, 烧出的不仅是动漫之殇" (in Chinese). Xinmin Weekly. 24 July 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ "是时候说说平成废柴了" (in Chinese). Jiemian. 2 April 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ a b Platinum Booklet. Vol. 1. ADV.
- ^ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 1. Dynamic Italia. p. 23.
- ^ a b Platinum Booklet. Vol. 5. ADV.
- ^ a b c "庵野 秀明 - Part I". Zankoku na tenshi no you ni (in Japanese). Magazine Magazine. 1997. ISBN 4-906011-25-X.
- ^ Azuma, Hiroki. "Animé or Something Like it: Neon Genesis Evangelion". NTT InterCommunication Center. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
- ^ Krystian Woznicki (September 1991). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime – Anno Hideaki's Evangelion Interview with Azuma Hiroki". Blimp Filmmagazine. Tokuma Shoten.
- ^ Mizobe, Koji (January 29, 2021). "『エヴァ』がTV放送から26年経っても、若者に「絶大な人気」を誇る理由". 現代ビジネス (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Mizobe, Koji (January 29, 2021). "『エヴァ』がTV放送から26年経っても、若者に「絶大な人気」を誇る理由". 現代ビジネス (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Mizobe, Koji (January 29, 2021). "『エヴァ』がTV放送から26年経っても、若者に「絶大な人気」を誇る理由". 現代ビジネス (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Mizobe, Koji (January 29, 2021). "『エヴァ』がTV放送から26年経っても、若者に「絶大な人気」を誇る理由". 現代ビジネス (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Japan Edge: The Insider's Guide to Japanese Pop Subculture (PDF). Viz Media. 1999. ISBN 156931-345-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ Lamarre, Thomas (2009). The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-8166-5155-9.
- ^ a b Oguro, Yūichirō (June 8, 2006). "第49回 エヴァ雑記「第拾六話 死に至る病、そして」". Style.fm (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ a b c Ransey Isler (February 4, 2014). "Top 25 greatest anime characters". IGN. p. 5. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Gainax, ed. (1997). "Kazuya Tsurumaki Interview". The End of Evangelion Program Book (in Japanese).
- ^ Fontana, Andrea; Tarò, Davide (2007). Anime. Storia dell'animazione giapponese 1984–2007 (in Italian). Il Foglio Letterario. p. 101. ISBN 978-88-7606-160-8.
- ^ Barder, Ollie (June 25, 2019). "'Evangelion' Is A Great Anime But Not Without Its Influences And Hardly The First Of Its Kind". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
- ^ Murakami 2005, p. 128.
- ^ Murakami 2005, p. 179.
- ^ a b Bartoli, Fabio (2008). "Neon Genesis Evangelion e la Kabbalah: dal Tempo di dolore al Tempo Benedetto" (PDF). Antrocom (in Italian). 4 (1): 29–30. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Fontana, Davide; Donati, R. (2013). La bomba e l'onda. Storia dell'animazione giapponese da Hiroshima a Fukushima (in Italian). Bietti. p. 130. ISBN 978-88-8248-282-4.
- ^ Veit, Walter (29 March 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion and the Hedgehog's Dilemma". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ "Mental Illness in Anime and Manga". The Artifice. 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ Mizobe, Koji (2011). "新世紀エヴァンゲリオンにみる思春期課題と精神障害" (PDF). 地域支援心理研究センター紀要 (in Japanese) (8). 追手門学院大学. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ Daimon, Hiroshi (1997). "Psychopathology of the Borderline – a Medical Note on EVANGELION". In Kaichiro Morikawa (ed.). The Evangelion Style (in Japanese). Daisan Shokan. pp. 122–126. ISBN 4-8074-9718-9.
- ^ Veit, Walter (21 March 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion and the Meaning of Life". Psychologytoday.com. Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. p. 23.
- ^ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 2. Dynamic Italia. p. 30.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Laserdisc Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Vol. 2. 1996.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 42. Sony Magazines. p. 15.
- ^ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 2. Dynamic Italia. p. 28.
- ^ Oguro, Yūichirō (May 23, 2006). "第37回 エヴァ雑記「第四話 雨、逃げ出した後」". Style.fm (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 30. Sony Magazines. p. 8.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 30.
- ^ Ortega, Mariana (2007). "My Father, He Killed Me; My Mother, She Ate Me: Self, Desire, Engendering, and the Mother in Neon Genesis Evangelion". Mechademia. 2: 216–232. doi:10.1353/mec.0.0010. ISBN 978-0-8166-5266-2. S2CID 120554645.
- ^ Oguro, Yūichirō (June 6, 2006). "第47回 エヴァ雑記「第拾四話 ゼーレ、魂の座". Style.fm (in Japanese). Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Napier, Susan J. (2005). Anime – From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle. p. 99. ISBN 1-4039-7052-1.
- ^ Mike Crandol (June 11, 2002). "Understanding Evangelion". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
- ^ Andrea Fontana. "Neon Genesis Evangelion: l'apoteosi dell'anime" (in Italian). Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Justin Wu (July 11, 2013). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Legacy of Rei Ayanami". The Artifice. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Sanenari 1997, p. 86: "There was this replacement by a robot, so the original mother is the robot, but then there is a mother of the same age, Rei Ayanami, by [Shinji's] side. [She is] also by the side of the real father. There is also another father there, Adam, who governs the overall course of events. An Oedipus Complex within these multiple structures; that's what I wanted to do."
- ^ Platinum Booklet. Vol. 4. ADV.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 10. Sony Magazines. p. 21.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Sony Magazines. p. 25.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 15–17.
- ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Laserdisc Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Vol. 10. 1996.
- ^ "Episode:20 Weaving a Story 2: oral stage". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 47. Sony Magazines. p. 29.
- ^ Poggio 2008, p. 74.
- ^ Oguro, Yūichirō (June 14, 2006). "第53回 エヴァ雑記「第弐拾話 心のかたち 人のかたち」". Style.fm (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Oguro, Yūichirō (June 22, 2006). "第59回 エヴァ雑記「最終話 世界の中心でアイを叫んだけもの」". Style.fm (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Platinum Booklet. Vol. 7. ADV. 2005.
- ^ Refrain of Evangelion booklet (in Japanese). King Records. 2003.
- ^ Card H-11, in Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Card Game, Bandai, 1998.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST26". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2007.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST30". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2011.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST31". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2012.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST32". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2013.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST33". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2014.
- ^ "第18回アニメグランプリ[1996年5月号]". Tokuma Shoten. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
- ^ "第19回アニメグランプリ[1997年6月号]". Tokuma Shoten. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
- ^ "第20回アニメグランプリ[1998年6月号]". Tokuma Shoten. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
- ^ "1996年08月号ベスト10" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 25, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "BEST 10". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. March 1997. p. 232.
- ^ "BEST 10". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. April 1997.
- ^ "BEST 10". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. August 1997.
- ^ "BEST 10". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. September 1997.
- ^ "BEST 10". Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. November 1997.
- ^ "1998年07月号ベスト10" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 25, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Akemashite best 100!" あけましてベスト100!. Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. February 1998.
- ^ "Akemashite best 100!" あけましてベスト100!. Animage (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. February 1999.
- ^ "暗さにクラクラ♡迫力の大人気!". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. February 1998.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST25". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2006.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST27". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2008.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST28". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2009.
- ^ "歴代人気作品BEST20". Animedia (in Japanese). Gakken. July 2010.
- ^ "アニメキャラクターベスト100" (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on October 2, 2002. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ "SmaSTATION!!" (in Japanese). TV Asahi. 2007. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. July 2010.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. August 2010.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. September 2010.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. October 2010.
- ^ "好きな男性キャラクター". Newtype (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. January 2011.
- ^ Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. August 2009. p. 172.
- ^ Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. September 2009. p. 148.
- ^ Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. October 2009. p. 136.
- ^ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. March 2010. pp. 24–25.
- ^ Ogata, Megumi. "緒方恵美@25thAnniversary" (in Japanese). Twitter. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Egan Loo (April 5, 2012). "One Piece's Luffy, DB's Goku Top Fuji TV's Anime/Tokusatsu Hero Poll". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Anime Fans Choose the Strongest Robot Pilots". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. April 2021.
- ^ "Ranking". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. July 2021. p. 114.
- ^ a b Verboon, Nick (June 13, 2013). "90's Flashback: Neon Genesis Evangelion". Unreality Mag. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ Anderson, Kristy (June 4, 2020). "The Best Moments Of Shinji Ikari In 'Neon Genesis Evangelion'". Supanova.com.au. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Martin, Sarah (13 January 2023). "10 Boring Anime Protagonists Fans Still Love". cbr.com. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ Kogod, Theo (January 27, 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: 10 Undeniable Ways That It Changed Mecha Anime Forever". Cbr.com. CBR. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Blaker, Michael (October 17, 2015). "Sensate Saturday: Neon Genesis Evangelion". Gameindustry.com. Game Industry. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Kurland, Daniel (June 28, 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: 5 Ways It's A Timeless Anime (& 5 Ways It's Overrated)". Cbr.com. CBR. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Harcoff, Pete (May 26, 2003). "Neon Genesis Evangelion". Animecritic.com. The Anime Critic. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ "Neon Genesis Evangelion Second Opinion". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^ See, Raphael. "Neon Genesis Evangelion". T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "JapanaTen: 10 anime characters with no chance in reality". Japanator.com. Japanator. June 2, 2011. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Cubillas, Sean (April 25, 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: 5 Reasons Why Shinji Is Actually An Underrated Hero (& 5 Why He Really Is Annoying)". Cbr.com. CBR. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Mary Lee Sauder (5 November 2017). "Why Shinji Can't Just 'Get in the Robot': Depression in Neon Genesis Evangelion". Manga.tokyo. Manga Tokyo. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Manduke, Joe (February 26, 2016). "The Endings of Evangelion: Exploring Shinji Ikari". The-artifice.com. The Artifice. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Creamer, Nick (July 10, 2019). "Neon Genessi Evangelion - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ Napier, Susan J. (2005). Anime – From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle. p. xv. ISBN 1-4039-7052-1.
- ^ Chris Truckmann, ed. (2018). "1995 • Neon Genesis Evangelion". Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation. Mango Media. ISBN 978-1-63353-733-0.
- ^ Mackenzie, Chris (October 21, 2009). "Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time". IGN. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Contino, Jen (2002). "The top 30". Anime Invasion. No. 2. Wizard Entertainment. p. 87.
- ^ Lamb, Lynzee (April 27, 2013). "7 Biggest Crybaby Heroes". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Sevakis, Justin (November 24, 2009). "Evangelion: 2.0 You Can [Not] Advance". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
- ^ Theron, Martin (March 4, 2010). "Evangelion: 1.11 You Are [Not] Alone". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Theron, Martin (January 5, 2012). "Anime in America: The Best (and Most Notable) of 2011". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 18, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ Gay, Elliot (November 19, 2012). "Review: Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo". Japanator. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- ^ Bertschy, Zac (February 2, 2016). "Evangelion 3.33: You Can (Not) Redo Blu-Ray". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- ^ Browne, Nicoletta Christina. "Evangelion 3.0: You Can (Not) Redo". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- ^ Kurland, Daniel (August 24, 2021). "NGE: 5 Ways End Of Evangelion Was A Perfect Finale (& Why Thrice Upon A Time Is Better)". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
- ^ "'Neon Genesis Evangelion' Getting Official Fashion Line". Comicbook.com. Comicbook. February 26, 2018. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 32. Sony Magazines. p. 27.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 103. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
- ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A (in French). Glénat. 2009. p. 116. ISBN 978-2-7234-7120-6.
- ^ "7 Strangest Pieces of Evangelion Merchandise". Anime News Network. December 24, 2016. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Evangelion Energy Drinks with 12 Character Labels Offered". Anime News Network. November 7, 2011. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Evangelion Horse Hybrid Unveiled in New Horse-Racing TV Ads". Anime News Network. October 9, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Shinji Namesake Clam Soup Gets Evangelion Makeover". Anime News Network. May 11, 2018. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "『シンジ湖のシジミ汁』に衝撃走る。売れすぎで担当者もびっくり" (in Japanese). Huffington Post. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ E-Mono (in Japanese). Gainax. 1997. p. 45. ISBN 4-04-852868-8.
- ^ Burrowes, Carter (October 5, 2020). "25 Years Ago, Evangelion Changed the Game for Anime Action Heroes". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ a b "Interview: Koji Yamamoto, Ryo Ohyama, and George Wada on Guilty Crown". Anime News Network. November 28, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
- ^ Bamboo Dong (October 30, 2013). "Ender's Game Actor Compares Character to Shinji Ikari". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "「絶望の学園」に普通の少年が推理で悩みながら立ち向かう —緒方恵美さん『ダンガンロンパ』のアフレコゲンバ 前編". Anime Anime (in Japanese). 10 July 2013. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ Camp, Julie; Davis (2007). Anime Classics Zettai!: 100 Must-See Japanese Animation Masterpieces. Stone Bridge Press, Inc. p. 338. ISBN 978-1-933330-22-8.
- ^ Green, Jason (September 7, 2008). "Dig for Fire: The Roots of Gurren Lagann". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Is Netflix's Revisions Worth Watching?". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
- ^ Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2006). The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 – Revised & Expanded Edition. Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. p. 301. ISBN 1-933330-10-4.
- ^ Bashir, Dale (5 October 2020). "Anime and Games That Wouldn't Exist Without Neon Genesis Evangelion". IGN. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ^ Tong Ching Siu (2015). 日本中毒 (in Chinese). Enrich Publishing Limited. p. 120. ISBN 978-988186633-2.
- ^ "新垣結衣「前男友」登熱搜! 網友聽音樂就認出「他」". Star.ettoday.net (in Chinese). ET Today. November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Chapman, Jacob (July 31, 2015). "Why Are Anime Fans Obsessed with Steven Universe?". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "実はけっこうある!?「エヴァ」キャラへ向けた歌!". Anibu.jp (in Japanese). June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ McCarrick, Michael (4 January 2021). "The Best Anime References in Hip-Hop Music". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ "『キングコング』登場モンスターのモチーフは『エヴァ』の使徒・サキエルとカオナシ". Cinemacafe.net (in Japanese). Cinema Café. February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
Bibliography
- Haslem, Wendy; Ndalianis, Angela; Mackie, Christopher J. (2007). Super/heroes : from Hercules to Superman. Washington, DC: New Academia Pub. ISBN 978-0977790845. OCLC 123026083.
- Murakami, Takashi (2005). Little Boy: The Arts Of Japan's Exploding Subculture. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10285-7.
- Napier, Susan J. (November 2002). "When the Machines Stop: Fantasy, Reality, and Terminal Identity in Neon Genesis Evangelion and Serial Experiments Lain". Science Fiction Studies. 29 (88). ISSN 0091-7729. Retrieved May 4, 2007.
- Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit.
- Sanenari, Oizumi (1997). Anno Hideaki Sukidzo Evangerion (in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan. ISBN 4-87233-315-2.
- Takekuma, Kentaro (1997). Anno Hideaki Parano Evangerion (in Japanese). Ōta Shuppan. ISBN 4-87233-316-0.
External links
Media related to Shinji Ikari at Wikimedia Commons
- v
- t
- e
Episodes |
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Films |
| ||||
Video games |
| ||||
Music |
|
- Angels
- Evangelions
- Themes
- Uru in Blue
- "Arue"
- Peni Parker
- Japan Animator Expo
- Kyoei Toshi
- Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion
- Nope