Sām

Sām (Persian: سام), also (Sam) transliterated Saam, is a mythical hero of ancient Persia, and an important character in the Shahnameh epic. He was the son of Nariman, grandson of Garshasp and father to Zāl. Disheartened by his son Zāl being born with white hair, he ordered that Zāl be left at the Alborz mountains which were home to the Simurgh. The Simurgh cared for the young Zāl until Sām was influenced by a dream to reunite with his son. Sām was Iran's champion during the rule of Fereydun, Manuchehr and Nowzar. He was appointed by Manuchehr to rule Zabulistan (Sistan), and then Mazandaran. After Manuchehr, because of Nowzar's corrupted and failed rulership, Iranian champions asked Sām to rule Iran. Sām didn't accept, he supported Nowzar and advised him to follow Fereydun and Manuchehr. Sām returned to Mazandaran, and died soon after that. Afrasiab then attacked Zabulistan.

In Persian, based on the Dehkhoda Dictionary, Sām or Saam means Fire.^[1]

• A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Sam

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Shahnameh of Ferdowsi

Characters

Pishdadian	Keyumars Hushang Tahmuras Jamshid Fereydun Iraj Manuchehr Nowzar Zaav Garshasp
Kayanian	Kay Kawād Kay Kāvus Kay Khosrow Kay Lohrasp Goshtasb Kay Bahman Humay Chehrzad Kay Darab Dara II
Male characters	Jamasp Siamak Shahrasp Abtin Kayanoush Kāve Arash Salm Tur Qobád Qaren Tous Gostaham Gershasp Nariman Sām Zāl Rostam Sohrab Esfandiyār Pashotan Faramarz Fariborz Siyâvash Farud Zangay-i Shavaran Kashvad Goudarz Giv Bizhan Rohham Bahram Hojir Gorgin Zavara Shaghad Rostam Farrokhzād Barbad Eskandar (Alexander)
Female characters	Faranak Arnavāz Shahrnāz Sindukht Rudaba Sudabeh Tahmina Banu Goshasp Gordafarid Farangis Manizheh Katāyoun
Tazian	Mardas Zahhak Mehrab Kaboli
Turanian	Zadashm Pashang Aghrirat Garsivaz Afrasiab Tageuo Shideh Arjasp Viseh Piran Houman Barman Nastihan Biderafsh
Clans and families	Kashvadian House of Goudarz House of Viseh House of Nowzar House of Sasan House of Sām

Creatures
and animals

• Akvan Div
• Kharvazan Div
• Arzhang Div
• Div-e Sepid
• Koulad-Ghandi
• Huma bird
• Simurgh
• Rakhsh
• Shabdiz
• Shabrang
• White Elephant

Places

• Iran
• Turan
• Zabulistan
• Sistan
• Kabul
• Balkh
• Ctesiphon
• Estakhr
• Mazandaran
• Alborzkouh
• Mount Damavand
• Tammisha
• Kasa-Roud
• Other locations...

Structures

• Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)
• Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)
• Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid
• Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)
• Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan
• Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)

Manuscripts

• Florence Shahnameh
• Great Mongol Shahnameh (or Demotte)
• Baysonghor Shahnameh
• Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp
• Shahnameh of Rashida
• Windsor Shahnameh
• Davari Shahnameh

Related

• Daqiqi
• Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh
• Derafsh Kaviani
• Babr-e Bayan
• Zal and Rudabeh
• Rostam and Sohrab
• Rostam and Esfandiyar
• Rostam's Seven Labours
• Davazdah Rokh
• Khosrow and Shirin
• Bijan and Manijeh
• Persian mythology

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