Rudravarman III
Rudravarman III | |||||
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raja-di-raja | |||||
King of Champa | |||||
Reign | 1062–1069/74 | ||||
Coronation | 1062 | ||||
Predecessor | Bhadravarman III | ||||
Successor | Harivarman IV | ||||
Born | ? ? | ||||
Died | ? Phan Rang | ||||
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Religion | Hinduism |
Rudravarman III (Chinese: 施里律律茶盤麻帝楊溥; pinyin: Shīlǐ Lülǜchápánmádì Yáng Pǔ) was a medieval king of Champa, ruled the kingdom from 1062 to 1069/1074.
Rudravarman III was a grandson of king Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (r. 1044–1060). His predecessor and also the older brother was Bhadravarman III (r. 1060–1061), who ruled for a very brief time before stepping down and transferring the crown to Rudravarman, who was in Phan Rang.[1] He built many temples around Po Nagar (Nha Trang).[2]
Rudravarman was reportedly sending delegations to the Song Empire in 1062 and 1068, and to Dai Viet in 1063, 1065, 1068. Georges Maspero believes that in late 1068 Rudravarman provoked war with the Dai Viet king Ly Thanh Tong, which led to a Vietnamese raid on Vijaya Champa next year.[3] In recently, historian Michael Vickery presents evidence that the incursion of Dai Viet in 1069 was not staged against Rudravarman and the city of Vijaya (Xinzhou 新州 in the Zhu Fan Zhi), but possibly against a local Cham chief (known by the Vietnamese as "Chế Củ") in Amaravati (Jiuzhou 舊州).[4] Excerpt from the Song Huiyao Jigao describes the 1060s: "Champa and Cambodia (Zhenla), who are neighbors of Jiaozhi, have never been practiced in warfare. They frequently suffer from invasions and occupation. However, in recent times, Champa has been developing its military defenses in order to guard against Jiaozhi."[5]
Albeit the 15th-century Vietnamese chronicle Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư also claims that after the successful raid against Champa in 1069, Rudravarman III switched to be a vassal of Dai Viet, and paid annual tributes to the Dai Viet court from 1071 to 1074, but till this day that passage arguably remains in question, because no piece of evidence has been found to back it.[6] It was however plausible that after 1069, Champa suffered a violent civil war between the elites in Nha Trang and Phan Rang that crippled the mandalas, making it vulnerable for foreign invasion.[7] By 1074, Harivarman IV, a Cham prince of both Coconut and Areca clans bloodline, with his brother, prince Pang, had defeated all antagonist factions, and reunified Champa.[6]
References
- ^ Coedès 1975, p. 140.
- ^ Lafont 2007, p. 158.
- ^ Coedès 1975, pp. 140–41.
- ^ Vickery, Michael Theodore (2005). Champa revised. Asia Research Institute, Singapore. pp. 390–392.
- ^ Wade, Geoff (2005). Champa in the Song hui-yao: A draft translation. Asia Research Institute, Singapore. p. 19.
- ^ a b Lafont 2007, p. 159.
- ^ Vickery, Michael Theodore (2005). Champa revised. Asia Research Institute, Singapore. p. 393.
Bibliography
- Coedès, George (1975), Vella, Walter F. (ed.), The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-824-80368-1
- Lafont, Pierre-Bernard (2007), Le Campā: Géographie, population, histoire, Indes savantes, ISBN 978-2-84654-162-6
- Maspero, Georges (2002), The Champa Kingdom, White Lotus Co., Ltd, ISBN 978-97475-3-499-3
Preceded by Bhadravarman III 1060–1061 | King of Champa 1062–1069?/1074? | Succeeded by Harivarman IV 1074–1080 |
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Lâm Ấp
192-605
Xitu
- Khu Liên
- Phạm Hùng
- Phạm Dật
- Phạm Văn
- Phạm Phật
- Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
- Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
- Manorathavarman
- Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
- Phạm Dương Mại I
- Phạm Dương Mại II
- Phạm Thần Thành
- Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
- Phạm Chư Nông
- Phạm Văn Tẩn
- Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
- Vijayavarman
- Rudravarman I
Chiêm Thành
875–1471
- Jaya Sambhuvarman
- Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
- Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
- Bhadresvaravarman
- Daughter of Kandarpadharma (female)
- Vikrantavarman I
- Naravahanavarman
- Vikrantavarman II
- Rudravarman II
- Prithindravarman
- Satyavarman
- Indravarman I
- Harivarman I
- Vikrantavarman III
- Indravarman II
- Jaya Simhavarman I
- Saktivarman
- Bhadravarman II
- Indravarman III
- Jaya Indravarman I
- Paramesvaravarman I
- Indravarman IV
- Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
- Harivarman II
- Yang Bo Zhan
- Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
- Harivarman III
- Paramesvaravarman II
- Vikrantavarman IV
- Jaya Sinhavarman II
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
- Bhadravarman III
- Rudravarman III
- Harivarman IV
- Jaya Indravarman II
- Paramabhodhisatva
- Harivarman V
- Jaya Indravarman III
- Rudravarman IV
- Jaya Harivarman I
- Jaya Harivarman II
- Jaya Indravarman IV
- Suryajayavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Suryavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Jaya Indravarman V (Khmer vassal)
- Khmer occupation
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
- Jaya Indravarman VI
- Indravarman V
- Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
- Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
- Chế Năng
- Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
- Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
- Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
- Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
- Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
- Virabhadravarman
- Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
- Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
- Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
- Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
- Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
- Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
Principality of Thuận Thành
1471–1835
- Bố Trì Trì
- Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
- Gu Lai
- Sha Gu Bu Luo
- Sha Ri Di Zhai
- Po Kabih
- Po Karut Drak
- Po Maha Sarak
- Po Kunarai
- Po At
- Po Klaong Halau
- Po Nit
- Po Jai Paran
- Po Aih Khang
- Po Klaong Mah Nai
- Po Rome
- Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
- Po Saktiraydapaghoh
- Po Jatamah
- Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
- Vietnamese occupation
- Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
- Po Ganuhpatih
- Po Thuntiraidaputih
- Po Rattiraydaputao
- Po Tisundimahrai
- Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
- Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
- Po Thong Khang
- Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
- Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
- Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
- Po Bait Lan
- Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
- Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
- Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)