Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis | |
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Conservation status | |
![]() Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Chiroptera |
Family: | Rhinolophidae |
Genus: | Rhinolophus |
Species: | R. xinanzhongguoensis |
Binomial name | |
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang, 2009 |
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis, the wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat or southwestern China horseshoe bat, is a species of horseshoe bat from China.
Taxonomy and etymology
It was described as a new species in 2009 based on specimens collected in May 2005 and April 2006. One individual of the new species was collected in 2005, and a second was found in 2006. Later, three more individuals were identified in the mammal collections at Kunming Institute of Zoology that had been originally collected in 1963. Its species name xinanzhongguoensis is pronounced “shee-nan-joong-guo-en-sis.” The name xinanzhongguoensis was derived from the Pinyin words "west" (xi), "south" (nan), and "China" (Zhongguo), describing a species that can be found in southwestern China.
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA placed R. xinanzhongguoensis as the basal member of a clade containing Geoffroy's horseshoe bat, greater horseshoe bat, Ruwenzori horseshoe bat, Rüppell's horseshoe bat, and Darling's horseshoe bat. Phylogenetically, it belongs to the "Afro-Palearctic" lineage of the horseshoe bat family, as described by Guillén-Servent et al. in 2003.[2][3] Species in the horseshoe bat genus are traditionally divided into "species groups"; Amador et al. stated that they believe that R. xinanzhongguoensis is so unique, it belongs in its species group.[4]
Description
It weighs 20–26 g (0.71–0.92 oz). It is considered a large member of its genus. Its dorsal fur is "dull medium brown" and its ventral fur is paler in color. Its flight membranes are dark brown. Its ears are brown, relatively small, and partly transparent. Near its base, the sides of the sella are parallel; it narrows to a wedge-shaped, rounded tip. The lancet is spear-shaped. Its dental formula is typical for a horseshoe bat, at 1.1.2.32.1.3.3, for a total of 32 teeth. The length of its whole body is 59–70 mm (2.3–2.8 in); its forearm is 58.7–60.4 mm (2.31–2.38 in) long; its tail is 30–39 mm (1.2–1.5 in) long; its ear is 21–22 mm (0.83–0.87 in) long.[2]
Biology
It is nocturnal, sleeping in sheltered roosts during the day such as caves. It is known to roost with other horseshoe bats, including the intermediate horseshoe bat. Few individuals have been encountered, so little is known about its reproductive biology. However, a pregnant female was once encountered in April.[2]
Range and habitat
It occurs in wet habitat within the East Asian Monsoon zone.[2] It has been documented at elevations of 1,500–1,980 m (4,920–6,500 ft) above sea level. All three areas where it has been documented are mountainous.[1]
Conservation
It is currently evaluated as near-threatened by the IUCN. It is only known from three localities and it has an estimated extent of occurrence of 26,865 km2 (10,373 sq mi). The habitat in areas where it does occur is severely fragmented, with ongoing declines in the extent and quality of the habitat. It is threatened by the disturbance of its roosts as caving tourism expands in China. Degradation of its habitat is also caused by logging and agricultural conversion.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Zhou, Z.; Jiang, X. (2017). "Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T82348701A82349975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T82348701A82349975.en.
- ^ a b c d Zhou, Z. M.; Guillén-Servent, A.; Lim, B. K.; Eger, J. L.; Wang, Y. X.; Jiang, X. L. (2009). "A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (1): 57–73. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-048.1.
- ^ Guillén-Servent, A.; Francis, C. M.; Ricklefs, R. E. (2003). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the horseshoe bats". Horseshoe Bats of the World (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Shropshire, UK: Alana Books.
- ^ Amador, L. I.; Arévalo, R. L. M.; Almeida, F. C.; Catalano, S. A.; Giannini, N. P. (2016). "Bat systematics in the light of unconstrained analyses of a comprehensive molecular supermatrix". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25: 37–70. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9363-8. hdl:11336/55671. S2CID 254702865.
External links
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Infraclass: Eutheria
- Superorder: Laurasiatheria
- Order: Chiroptera
- Acuminate horseshoe bat (R. acuminatus)
- Adam's horseshoe bat (R. adami)
- Intermediate horseshoe bat (R. affinis)
- Halcyon horseshoe bat (R. alcyone)
- Arcuate horseshoe bat (R. arcuatus)
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. beddomei)
- R. belligerator
- Blasius's horseshoe bat (R. blasii)
- Bokhara horseshoe bat (R. bocharicus)
- Bornean horseshoe bat (R. borneensis)
- Canut's horseshoe bat(R. canuti)
- Cohen's horseshoe bat (R. cohenae)
- Cape horseshoe bat (R. capensis)
- Sulawesi horseshoe bat (R. celebensis)
- Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat (R. chiewkweeae)
- Geoffroy's horseshoe bat (R. clivosus)
- Croslet horseshoe bat (R. coelophyllus)
- Andaman horseshoe bat (R. cognatus)
- Convex horseshoe bat (R. convexus)
- Little Japanese horseshoe bat (R. cornutus)
- Creagh's horseshoe bat (R. creaghi)
- Darling's horseshoe bat (R. darlingi)
- Decken's horseshoe bat (R. deckenii)
- Dent's horseshoe bat (R. denti)
- Eloquent horseshoe bat (R. eloquens)
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat (R. euryale)
- Broad-eared horseshoe bat (R. euryotis)
- Greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum)
- Formosan woolly horseshoe bat (R. formosae)
- Rüppell's horseshoe bat (R. fumigatus)
- Guinean horseshoe bat (R. guineensis)
- Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandti)
- R. hilli
- R. hillorum
- Lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros)
- R. huananus
- Imaizumi's horseshoe bat (R. imaizumii)
- R. indorouxii
- Philippine forest horseshoe bat (R. inops)
- Insular horseshoe bat (R. keyensis)
- Lander's horseshoe bat (R. landeri)
- Blyth's horseshoe bat (R. lepidus)
- Woolly horseshoe bat (R. luctus)
- Mount Mabu horseshoe bat (R. mabuensis)
- Maclaud's horseshoe bat (R. maclaudi)
- Big-eared horseshoe bat (R. macrotis)
- Madura horseshoe bat (R. madurensis)
- Maendeleo horseshoe bat (R. maendeleo)
- Malayan horseshoe bat (R. malayanus)
- Marshall's horseshoe bat (R. marshalli)
- R. mcintyrei
- Smaller horseshoe bat (R. megaphyllus)
- Mehely's horseshoe bat (R. mehelyi)
- R. microglobosus
- Mitred horseshoe bat (R. mitratus)
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat (R. monoceros)
- Timorese horseshoe bat (R. montanus)
- Mozambican horseshoe bat (R. mossambicus)
- Neriad horseshoe bat (R. nereis)
- Osgood's horseshoe bat (R. osgoodi)
- Bourret's horseshoe bat (R. paradoxolophus)
- Pearson's horseshoe bat (R. pearsonii)
- Large-eared horseshoe bat (R. philippinensis)
- R. proconsulis
- Least horseshoe bat (R. pusillus)
- King horseshoe bat (R. rex)
- Peninsular horseshoe bat (R. robinsoni)
- Rufous horseshoe bat (R. rouxii)
- Large rufous horseshoe bat (R. rufus)
- Ruwenzori horseshoe bat (R. ruwenzorii)
- Sakeji horseshoe bat (R. sakejiensis)
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. sedulus)
- Shamel's horseshoe bat (R. shameli)
- Shortridge's horseshoe bat (R. shortridgei)
- Thai horseshoe bat (R. siamensis)
- Forest horseshoe bat (R. silvestris)
- Bushveld horseshoe bat (R. simulator)
- Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (R. sinicus)
- Smithers's horseshoe bat (R. smithersi)
- Lesser brown horseshoe bat (R. stheno)
- Little Nepalese horseshoe bat (R. subbadius)
- Small rufous horseshoe bat (R. subrufus)
- Swinny's horseshoe bat (R. swinnyi)
- R. tatar
- R. thailandensis
- Thomas's horseshoe bat (R. thomasi)
- Trefoil horseshoe bat (R. trifoliatus)
- Yellow-faced horseshoe bat (R. virgo)
- R. xinanzhongguoensis
- Dobson's horseshoe bat (R. yunanensis)
- Ziama horseshoe bat (R. ziama)