Para-Yeniseian languages

Proposed group of extinct languages possibly related to Yeniseian languages

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Para-Yeniseian
Para-Yeniseic Xiongnu
(proposed)
Geographic distribution	Siberia, Mongolia, Northern China, North India, Europe
Linguistic classification	Dené–Yeniseian? Xiongnu-Yeniseian Para-Yeniseian
Subdivisions	Xiongnu? Dingling? Jie?

Para-Yeniseian is a proposed group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Yeniseian languages.^[1] Para-Yeniseian contains a few extinct languages.

Definitions

There are two definitions for Para-Yeniseian:

A group of hypothetical languages related to Yeniseian languages attested only through placenames, especially those who cannot be identified with the attested Yeniseian languages.
A family including the Xiongnu language and languages which are thought to be closely related to it.

Languages

Para-Yeniseian
- Xiongnu?^[2]
  - Hunnic?
  - Huna?
- Dingling?
- Jie?^[3]

Others consider these languages as being Pumpokolic^[4] or as belonging to other language families.

References

^ Quiles, Carlos (2021-04-23). "Proto-Yeniseian Homeland". Indo-European.eu. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
^ Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language? Part 2: Vocabulary". Academia.
^ Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87-104.
^ Vovin, Alexander; Vajda, Edward; de la Vaissière, Etienne (2016). "Who Were the *Kjet (羯) and What Language Did They Speak?". Journal Asiatique. 304 (1): 125–144. doi:10.2143/JA.304.1.3146838.