Native Trust and Land Act, 1936
Native Trust and Land Act, 1936 | |
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Parliament of South Africa | |
Long title
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Citation | Act No. 18 of 1936 |
Enacted by | Parliament of South Africa |
Royal assent | 19 June 1936 |
Commenced | 31 August 1936 |
Repealed | 30 June 1991 |
Administered by | Minister of Native Affairs |
Repealed by | |
Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 | |
Related legislation | |
Natives Land Act, 1913 | |
Status: Repealed |
The Native Trust and Land Act, 1936 (Act No. 18 of 1936; subsequently renamed the Bantu Trust and Land Act, 1936 and the Development Trust and Land Act, 1936) in South Africa passed a law that served as the reorganisation of its agricultural structures, thus formalising the separation of white and black rural areas. This followed the recommendations of the Beaumont Commission in.
This ordinance stipulated that the reserve land, which the black population in the Natives Land Act, 1913 had been allocated to 7.13% (9,709,586 acres (3,929,330 ha)) of the total land, be enlarged to approximately 13.6% of the total area of then South Africa. This value was not reached and remained so unfulfilled until the 1980s. As late as 1972, the government purchased 1,146,451 acres to meet this requirement in the homelands.[1]
In view of the fact that the black population accounted for at this time about 61% of the general population, this area ratio was very small. During the Great Depression, damage to agricultural land through erosion and overgrazing played a relevant role in the preparation of the Act. At the same time, the rights of the black people were as tenant farmers restricted to white owners. From then on, blacks were only allowed to live on farms, which were owned by whites, and the black employees worked on them.
The Act established the South African Native Trust (SANT) for the purpose of administering "the settlement, support, benefit, and material welfare of the natives of the Union". The SANT purchased all reserve land not owned by the State, and controlled all aspects of administered land for agricultural purposes.[2][3]
This selling pressure caused by the Act forced many blacks to seek work in salaried employment outside of their family and tribal tradition rooted in residential areas. Destinations of these migrations were the large farms of the whites and the cities, preferably industrial urban centres.[4]
Repeal
The act was repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 on 30 June 1991.
See also
- Category:Apartheid laws in South Africa
- Apartheid in South Africa
- Tomlinson Report (South Africa)
References
- ^ Andrea Lang: Separate Development and the Department of Bantu Administration in South Africa. Work from the Institute of African Studies No. 103 Hamburg (composite Foundation German Overseas Institute) 1999, p. 88
- ^ "Segregationist Legislation Timeline 1930-1939 | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- ^ Kloppers, H. J.; Pienaar, G. J. (1 February 2014). "The historical context of land reform in South Africa and early policies". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal (PELJ). 17 (2): 01–32. doi:10.4314/pelj.v17i2.03. hdl:10394/10934. ISSN 1727-3781.
- ^ Manfred short: Indirect rule and violence in South Africa. Work from the Institute of African Studies No. 30 Hamburg (German Overseas Institute Foundation network), 1981, p. 27
External links
- African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
- Brief description of the' Native Trust and Land Act 1936 No. 18
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(before 1948)
- Hut tax (1884)
- Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
- Glen Grey Act (1894)
- Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894)
- Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (1906)
- South Africa Act (1909)
- Mines and Works Act (1911)
- Natives Land Act (1913)
- Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923)
- Immorality Act (1927)
- Native Administration Act (1927)
- Representation of Natives Act (1936)
- Native Trust and Land Act (1936)
- Native (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act (1945)
- Asiatic Land Tenure Act (1946)
Verwoerd
(1948–1966)
- Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
- Immorality Amendment Act (1950)
- Population Registration Act (1950)
- Group Areas Act (1950)
- Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
- Native Building Workers Act (1951)
- Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
- Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
- Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
- Native Laws Amendment Act (1952)
- Pass Laws Act (1952)
- Public Safety Act (1953)
- Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953)
- Bantu Education Act (1953)
- Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
- Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
- Group Areas Development Act (1955)
- Riotous Assemblies Act (1956)
- Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
- Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956)
- Immorality Act (1957)
- Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959)
- Extension of University Education Act (1959)
- Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959)
- Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)
- Indemnity Act (1961)
- Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961)
- Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961)
- Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961)
- General Law Amendment Act (1963)
- Coloured Persons Representative Council Act (1964)
(1966–1994)
- Terrorism Act (1967)
- Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act (1968)
- Prohibition of Political Interference Act (1968)
- Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970)
- Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)
- Aliens Control Act (1973)
- Indemnity Act (1977)
- National Key Points Act (1980) - List of National Key Points
- Internal Security Act (1982)
- Intimidation Act (1982)
- Black Local Authorities Act (1982)
- Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983)
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