Elections in Iowa |
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Special elections to the Iowa Senate are called by the Governor of Iowa when a vacancy arises within the State Senate. If there is a vacancy in the Iowa General Assembly (i.e., the Iowa state legislature), the vacant seat must be filled by special election. If the vacancy occurs while the General Assembly is in session, the Governor must call within five days of the occurrence of the vacancy for an election as expeditiously as feasible, with a minimum 18-day notice. If the vacancy happens while the General Assembly is out of session, the special election must follow a 45-day notice, as long as the election does not coincide with a school election. All special elections must be held on a Tuesday.[1]
List of special elections
District | Election Date | Predecessor | Special Election Winner |
39th | February 17, 1913 | Charles Gates (R) | F. P. Hagemann (D) |
37th | March 31, 1923 | Daniel Cady Chase (R) | William Schmedika (D) |
4th | February 1, 1933 | John Henry Judd (D) | Joseph E. Doze (D) |
29th | March 24, 1933 | Oliver Perry Myers (D) | D. Myron Tripp (D) |
35th | August 22, 1933 | Matt D. Cooney (D) | Howard C. Baldwin (D) |
45th | October 3, 1933 | Harry Cook White (D) | Richard V. Leo (R) |
2nd | January 17, 1944 | Sanford Zeigler (R) | Charles W. Wade (R) |
5th | January 17, 1944 | Stephen Ray Emerson (R) | T. M. Thompson (R) |
28th | January 26, 1945 | Benjamin Chase Whitehill (R) | Robert A. Rockhill (R) |
37th | January 6, 1947 | George Raymond Hill (R) | Rex R. Bateson (R) |
15th | January 10, 1963 | L. C. Shivvers (R) | Vera H. Shivvers (R) |
18th | June 20, 1969 | Kenneth Benda (R) | Joann Yessler Orr (D) |
1st | September 9, 1969 | Seeley G. Lodwick (R) | Wilson L. Davis (R) |
45th | October 28, 1969 | Walter B. Hammer (R) | S. J. Brownlee (R) |
14th | November 15, 1969 | David M. Stanley (R) | W. R. Rabedeaux (R) |
6th | November 18, 1969 | Charles Vernon Lisle (R) | Earl Bass (R) |
12th | December 16, 1969 | Joseph Flatt (R) | Glen E. Bortell (R) |
22nd | December 1970 | J. Donald Weimer (D)[a] | Cloyd E. Robinson (D) |
47th | December 1972 | James B. Turner (R)[b] | Richard R. Ramsey (R) |
10th | November 5, 1974 | Mike Blouin (D) | Robert M. "Bob" Carr (D) |
15th | November 2, 1976 | Steve Sovern (D) | Bob Rush (D) |
11th | December 28, 1976 | Richard John Norpel (D) | Steve Bisenius (R) |
41st | December 28, 1976 | Bill Gluba (D) | Forrest F. Ashcraft (R) |
36th | November 8, 1983 | Michael R. Lura (R) | John Soorholtz (R) |
45th | September 10, 1985 | Norman Rodgers (D) | James R. Riordan (D) |
34th | December 17, 1985 | John A. Neighbour (D) | John A. Peterson (D) |
31st | January 7, 1986 | Lowell Junkins (D) | Gene Fraise (D) |
13th | January 28, 1986 | Thomas A. Lind (R) | Jim Lind (R) |
18th | September 26, 1989 | Robert M. Carr (D) | Mike Connolly (D) |
12th | December 18, 1990 | Joy Corning (R) | Harry G. Slife (R) |
44th | December 17, 1991 | Jack Nystrom (R) | Albert Sorensen (D) |
12th | August 31, 1993 | Harry G. Slife (R) | Donald Redfern (R) |
5th | February 22, 1994 | Linn Fuhrman (R) | Mary Lou Freeman (R) |
25th | February 22, 1994 | Richard J. Varn (D) | Robert Dvorsky (D) |
26th | December 20, 1994 | Paul Pate (R) | Mary Lundby (R) |
13th | April 1997[c] | Jim Lind (R) | Patricia M. "Pat" Harper (D) |
8th | February 3, 1998 | James E. Black (R) | E. Thurman Gaskill (R) |
46th | January 12, 1999 | Patty Judge (D) | John Judge (D) |
43rd | June 12, 2001 | Derryl McLaren (R) | Hubert Houser (R) |
39th | February 19, 2002 | Jo Ann M. Johnson (R) | David G. Lord (R) |
10th | March 12, 2002 | Merlin Bartz (R) | Amanda Ragan (D) |
26th | January 14, 2003 | Steve King (R)[d] | Steve Kettering (R) |
30th | February 3, 2004 | Mary Kramer (R) | Pat Ward (R) |
48th | January 4, 2011 | Kim Reynolds (R) | Joni Ernst (R) |
35th | January 18, 2011 | Larry Noble (R) | Jack Whitver (R) |
18th | November 8, 2011 | Swati Dandekar (D) | Liz Mathis (D) |
22nd | December 11, 2012 | Pat Ward (R)[e] | Charles Schneider (R) |
13th | November 19, 2013 | Kent Sorenson (R) | Julian Garrett (R) |
12th | December 30, 2014 | Joni Ernst (R) | Mark Costello (R) |
45th | December 27, 2016 | Joe Seng (D) | Jim Lykam (D) |
3rd | December 12, 2017 | Bill Anderson (R) | Jim Carlin (R) |
25th | April 10, 2018 | Bill Dix (R) | Annette Sweeney (R) |
30th | March 19, 2019 | Jeff Danielson (D) | Eric Giddens (D) |
41st | January 26, 2021 | Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R) | Adrian Dickey (R) |
Results
Iowa Senate, District 39 Special Election, February 17, 1913[3] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | F. P. Hagemann | 2,670 | 53.50% |
| Republican | Benjamin Boardman | 1,490 | 29.85% |
| Progressive | Harry A. Morey | 831 | 16.65% |
Total votes | 4,991 | 100.0 |
| Democratic gain from Republican |
Iowa Senate, District 37 Special Election, March 31, 1923[4] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | William Schmedika | 2,006 | 54.88% |
| Republican | Rube McFeren | 1,649 | 45.12% |
Total votes | 3,655 | 100.0 |
| Democratic gain from Republican |
Iowa Senate, District 4 Special Election, February 1, 1933[5] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Joseph E. Doze | 3,047 | 54.2 |
| Republican | H. C. Condra | 2,579 | 45.8 |
Total votes | 5,626 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 29 Special Election, March 24, 1933[6] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | D. Myron Tripp | 3,756 | 55.6 |
| Republican | John E. Cross | 2,999 | 44.4 |
Total votes | 6,755 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 35 Special Election, August 22, 1933[7] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Howard Baldwin | 936 | 100.0 |
Total votes | 936 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 45 Special Election, October 3, 1933[8] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Richard V. Leo | 6,718 | 52.1 |
| Democratic | M. W. Hyland | 6,181 | 47.9 |
Total votes | 12,899 | 100.0 |
| Republican gain from Democratic |
Iowa Senate, District 2 Special Election, January 17, 1944[9] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Charles W. Wade | 1,464 | 73.1 |
| Democratic | S.C. Simmons | 540 | 26.9 |
Total votes | 2,004 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 5 Special Election, January 17, 1944[10] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | T.M. Thompson | 904 | 100.0 |
Total votes | 904 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 28 Special Election, January 26, 1945[11] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Robert A. Rockhill | 1,783 | 72.9 |
| Democratic | C. E. Wicklund | 663 | 27.1 |
Total votes | 2,446 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 37 Special Election, January 6, 1947[12] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | R. R. Bateson | 2,440 | 47.8 |
| Democratic | Frank J. Lund | 2,258 | 44.2 |
| Independent | William Schmedika | 409 | 8.0 |
Total votes | 5,107 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 15 Special Election, January 10, 1963[13] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Vera H. Shivvers | 2,921 | 53.0 |
| Democratic | Howard H. Myers | 2,586 | 47.0 |
Total votes | 5,507 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 22 Special Election, December 1970[14] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Cloyd E. Robinson[f] | 2,782 | 55.8 |
| Republican | Jesse G. Hunter | 2,201 | 44.2 |
Total votes | 4,983 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 47 Special Election, December 1972[15] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Richard Ramsey | 4,016 | 50.2 |
| Democratic | Arlo Hullinger | 3,989 | 49.8 |
Total votes | 8,005 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 10 Special Election, November 5, 1974[16] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Robert M. "Bob" Carr | 6,273 | 59.5 |
| Republican | James L. Esmoil | 4,270 | 40.5 |
Total votes | 10,543 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 15 Special Election, November 2, 1976[17] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Bob Rush | 13,777 | 59.8 |
| Republican | Andrew Gordon Holmes | 9,254 | 40.2 |
Total votes | 23,031 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 11 Special Election, December 28, 1976[18] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Steve Bisenius | 3,925 | 50.8 |
| Democratic | Maurice Hennessey | 3,800 | 49.2 |
Total votes | 7,725 | 100.0 |
| Republican gain from Democratic |
Iowa Senate, District 41 Special Election, December 28, 1976[19] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Forrest F. Ashcraft | 3,028 | 61.6 |
| Democratic | Michael McDonald | 1,886 | 38.4 |
Total votes | 4,914 | 100.0 |
| Republican gain from Democratic |
Iowa Senate, District 36 Special Election, November 8, 1983[20] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | John Soorholtz | 6,525 | 50.1 |
| Democratic | Tom Swartz | 6,492 | 49.9 |
Total votes | 13,017 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 45 Special Election, September 10, 1985[21] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Jim R. Riordan | 6,720 | 51.2 |
| Republican | Don Lienemann | 5,931 | 45.2 |
| Populist | Johnny E. Vogel | 472 | 3.6 |
Total votes | 13,123 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 34 Special Election, December 17, 1985[22] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | John A. Peterson | 3,709 | 60.5 |
| Republican | Bill G. Anders | 2,423 | 39.5 |
Total votes | 6,132 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 31 Special Election, January 7, 1986[23] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Gene Fraise | 3,972 | 55.3 |
| Republican | Judson B. Seeley | 3,212 | 44.7 |
Total votes | 7,184 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 13 Special Election, January 28, 1986[24] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Jim Lind | 5,947 | 53.5 |
| Democratic | Steve Rapp | 5,159 | 46.5 |
Total votes | 11,106 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 18 Special Election, September 26, 1989[25] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Mike Connolly | 4,601 | 100.0 |
Total votes | 4,601 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 12 Special Election, December 18, 1990[26] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Harry Slife | 4,734 | 58.8 |
| Democratic | Rose Angel | 3,313 | 41.2 |
Total votes | 8,047 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 44 Special Election, December 17, 1991[27] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Albert Sorensen | 4,588 | 59.3 |
| Republican | George Maybee | 3,143 | 40.7 |
Total votes | 7,731 | 100.0 |
| Democratic gain from Republican |
Iowa Senate, District 12 Special Election, August 31, 1993[28] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Donald Redfern | 6,863 | 54.3 |
| Democratic | Sandra Glenn | 5,776 | 45.7 |
Total votes | 12,639 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 5 Special Election, February 22, 1994[29] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Mary Lou Freeman | 4,212 | 61.1 |
| Democratic | Donald Schossow | 2,680 | 38.9 |
Total votes | 6,892 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 25 Special Election, February 22, 1994[30] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Robert Dvorsky | 2,073 | 54.0 |
| Republican | Rosie Dalton | 1,763 | 46.0 |
Total votes | 3,836 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 26 Special Election, December 20, 1994[31] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Mary Lundby | 4,170 | 59.1 |
| Democratic | Charlie Brown | 2,890 | 40.9 |
Total votes | 7,060 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 8 Special Election, February 3, 1998[32] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | E. Thurman Gaskill | 5,647 | 54.7 |
| Democratic | Christine G. Louscher | 3,907 | 37.8 |
| Independent | Paul Bernhard | 770 | 7.5 |
Total votes | 10,324 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 46 Special Election, January 12, 1999[33] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | John Judge | 4,494 | 47.9 |
| Republican | Claude Neill | 4,377 | 46.6 |
| Reform | Garry Lee Klicker | 514 | 5.5 |
Total votes | 9,385 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 43 Special Election, June 12, 2001[34] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Hubert Houser | 4,144 | 71.8 |
| Democratic | John J. O'Brien | 1,630 | 28.2 |
Total votes | 5,774 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 39 Special Election, February 19, 2002[35] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | David G. Lord | 3,475 | 70.8 |
| Democratic | Steve Shelley | 1,433 | 29.2 |
Total votes | 4,908 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 10 Special Election, March 12, 2002[36] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Amanda Ragan | 6,453 | 62.8 |
| Republican | Mary Ellen Miller | 3,554 | 34.6 |
| Independent | Kevin Smith | 262 | 2.6 |
Total votes | 10,269 | 100.0 |
| Democratic gain from Republican |
Iowa Senate, District 26 Special Election, January 14, 2003[37] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Steve Kettering | 4,461 | 59.8 |
| Democratic | Don Mason | 3,000 | 40.2 |
Total votes | 7,461 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 30 Special Election, February 3, 2004[38] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Pat Ward | 4,037 | 55.0 |
| Democratic | Alicia Claypool | 3,073 | 41.8 |
| Independent | Eric Kinman | 192 | 2.6 |
| Independent | Satro Narayan | 42 | 0.6 |
Total votes | 7,344 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 48 Special Election, January 4, 2011[39] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Joni Ernst | 4,990 | 67.5 |
| Democratic | Ruth Smith | 2,407 | 32.5 |
Total votes | 7,397 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 35 Special Election, January 18, 2011[40] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Jack Whitver | 4,773 | 63.5 |
| Democratic | John Calhoun | 2,739 | 36.5 |
Total votes | 7,512 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 18 Special Election, November 8, 2011[41] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Liz Mathis | 13,324 | 56.0 |
| Republican | Cindy Golding | 10,322 | 43.4 |
| Constitution | Jon Tack | 151 | 0.6 |
Total votes | 23,797 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 22 Special Election, December 11, 2012[42] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Charles Schneider | 5,378 | 56.5 |
| Democratic | Desmund Adams | 4,136 | 43.5 |
Total votes | 9,514 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 13 Special Election, November 19, 2013[43] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Julian Garrett | 4,908 | 58.2 |
| Democratic | Mark Davitt | 3,522 | 41.8 |
Total votes | 8,430 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 12 Special Election, December 30, 2014[44] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Mark Costello | 3,138 | 74.7 |
| Democratic | Steven L. Adams | 932 | 22.2 |
| Libertarian | Don W. Brantz | 132 | 3.1 |
Total votes | 4,202 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 45 Special Election, December 27, 2016[45] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Jim Lykam | 3,803 | 73.2 |
| Republican | Michael Gonzales | 1,315 | 25.3 |
| Libertarian | Severin B. Gilbert | 77 | 1.5 |
Total votes | 5,195 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 3 Special Election, December 12, 2017[46] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Jim Carlin | 3,707 | 54.6 |
| Democratic | Todd Wendt | 3,083 | 45.4 |
Total votes | 6,790 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 25 Special Election, April 10, 2018[47] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Annette Sweeney | 5,211 | 60.5 |
| Democratic | Tracy Freese | 3,397 | 39.5 |
Total votes | 8,608 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
Iowa Senate, District 30 Special Election, March 19, 2019[48] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Eric Giddens | 7,611 | 56.8 |
| Republican | Walt Rogers | 5,635 | 42.1 |
| Libertarian | Fred Perryman | 143 | 1.1 |
Total votes | 13,389 | 100.0 |
| Democratic hold |
Iowa Senate, District 41 Special Election, January 26, 2021[49] Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Adrian Dickey | 5,091 | 55.32% |
| Democratic | Mary Stewart | 4,111 | 44.68% |
Total votes | 9,202 | 100.0 |
| Republican hold |
- ^ J. Donald Weimer won the general election in district 22 in 1970; however, Weimer did not take office. Robinson won a special election to the seat.
- ^ James Turner won the general election in district 47 in 1972; however, Turner was deceased and this necessitated a special election.
- ^ Senator Jim Lind (R) resigned in March 1997. In a special election in April 1997, Patricia "Pat" Harper (D) won a special election in Iowa Senate, District 13. The Iowa General Assembly's website notes Lind's resignation & Harper's elevation to the position, but the Iowa Secretary of State's website does not list election data for this seat as of April 11, 2020. I can only find an article in the Waterloo, IA local newspaper documenting the special election victory for Harper.[2]
- ^ Following the 2000 Census and 2002 redistricting, King would have been redistricted from state senate district 6 to district 26; however, he was elected to the US Congress in 2002, thus necessitating a special election in the Iowa Senate.
- ^ Senator Ward had been redistricted from district 30 to 22 following the 2010 Census and 2011 redistricting process. She was running for re-election to in the newly-numbered district 22 when she died less than a month before the 2012 general election. She 'won' the 2012 general election for district 22 posthumously. Thus necessitating this special election. This explains why the election of Senator Schneider is considered a hold for Republicans, even though the immediately preceding senator from district 22 was technically a Democrat. Given the intricacies of renumbering after the redistricting process, he technically succeeded the posthumously re-elected Senator Ward.
- ^ Democratic Senator J. Donald Weimer was redistricted from district 24 to 22 and Weimer won the 22nd district general election in November 1970. However, he did not take office. In a special election in December, Democrat Cloyd E. Robinson won and kept the seat for the Democratic Party.
References
- ^ "Iowa Code § 69.14: "Special election to fill vacancies."" (PDF). Iowa General Assembly. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "The ins and outs of the Iowa legislature: Harper's back, and she likes it".
- ^ "Special Election held February 17, 1913" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ "Special Election held March 31, 1923" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
- ^ "Special Election held February 1, 1933" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held March 24, 1933" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held August 22, 1933" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held October 3, 1933" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held January 17, 1944" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held January 17, 1944" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held January 26, 1945" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held January 6, 1947" (PDF). Iowa Official Register. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
- ^ "Special Election held January 10, 1963" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1970 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1972 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1974 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1976 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1976 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1976 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "General Election 1984 Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
- ^ "September 10, 1985 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 17, 1985 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 7, 1986 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 28, 1986 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "September 26, 1989 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 18, 1990 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 17, 1991 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "August 31, 1993 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "February 22, 1994 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "February 22, 1994 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 20, 1994 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "February 3, 1998 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 12, 1999 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "June 12, 2001 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "February 19, 2002 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "March 12, 2002 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 14, 2003 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "February 3, 2004 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 4, 2011 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 18, 2011 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "November 8, 2011 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 11, 2012 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "November 19, 2013 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 30, 2014 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 27, 2016 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "December 12, 2017 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "April 10, 2018 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "March 19, 2019 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ "January 26, 2021 Election Canvass Summary" (PDF). Iowa Secretary of State. Retrieved June 8, 2021.