List of major bushfires in Australia
This is a list of major bushfires in Australia. The list contains individual bushfires and bushfire seasons that have resulted in fatalities, or bushfires that have burned in excess of 5,000 hectares (12,000 acres), or was significant for its damage to particular Australian landmarks.
As of 2010[update], Australian bushfires accounted for over 800 deaths since 1851 and, in 2012, the total accumulated cost was estimated to be A$1.6 billion.[1] In terms of monetary cost however, bushfires have not cost as much in financial terms as the damage caused by drought, severe storms, hail, and cyclones,[2] perhaps[opinion] because they most commonly occur outside highly populated urban areas.[clarification needed]
Of all the recorded fires in Australia, the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in the state of Victoria claimed the largest number of recorded deaths of any individual Australian bushfire or bushfires season – 173 fatalities over 21 days.[3] The largest known area burnt was between 100–117 million hectares (250–290 million acres), impacting approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass, during the 1974–75 Australian bushfire season.[4] The most number of homes destroyed was approximately 3,700 dwellings, attributed to Victoria's 1939 Black Friday bushfires.[5]
The fires of the summer of 2019–2020 affected densely populated areas including holiday destinations resulting in the New South Wales Rural Fire Service Commissioner, Shane Fitzsimmons, to claim it was "absolutely" the worst bushfire season on record [in that state].[6] Australian National University described the 2019 fire year as "close to average"[7] and the 2020 fire year as "unusually small".[8]
Some of the most severe Australian bushfires (single fires and fire seasons) have included:[a]
List
Date | Name or description | State(s) / territories | Area burned (approx.) | Fatalities | Properties damaged | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acres | Homes (destroyed) | Other buildings | Other damage | |||||
6 February 1851 | Black Thursday bushfires | Victoria | 5,000,000 | 12,000,000 | approx. 12 | 0 | 0 |
| [9][10] |
9 September 1895 | Upper Blue Mountains fires | New South Wales | 150 | 370 | 0 | 24 | Sheds | Main Western Railway Line at Mount Victoria | |
1 February 1898 | Red Tuesday bushfires | Victoria | 260,000 | 640,000 | 12 | 0 | 2,000 | [10][11][12] | |
February – March 1926 | 1926 bushfires | Victoria | 390,000 | 960,000 | 60 | 1,000 | 0 | [13] | |
13 January 1939 | Black Friday bushfires | Victoria | 2,000,000 | 4,900,000 | 71 | 3,700 | 0 | [5] | |
14 January – 14 February 1944 | 1944 Victorian bushfires | Victoria | 1,000,000 | 2,500,000 | 15–20 | approx. 500 | 0 | [10] | |
18 November 1944 | 1944 Blue Mountains bushfire | New South Wales | 0 | approx. 40 | 0 | [14][15] | |||
November 1951 – January 1952 | 1951–52 bushfires | Victoria | 4,000,000 | 9,900,000 | 11 | 0 | 0 | [16] | |
2 January 1955 | Black Sunday bushfires | South Australia | 39,000–160,000 | 96,000–395,000 | 2 | 40[b] | 0 | [17][18] | |
30 November 1957 | 1957 Grose Valley bushfire, Blue Mountains | New South Wales | 4 | 0 | 0 | [citation needed] | |||
2 December 1957 | 1957 Leura bushfire, Blue Mountains | New South Wales | 0 | 170[c] | 0 | [citation needed] | |||
January – March 1961 | 1961 Western Australian bushfires | Western Australia | 1,800,000 | 4,400,000 | 0 | 160 | 0 | [19] | |
14 – 16 January 1962 | 1962 Victorian bushfires | Victoria | 32 | 450 | 0 | [13] | |||
16 February – 13 March 1965 | 1965 Gippsland bushfires | Victoria | 315,000 | 780,000 | 0 | more than 20 | 60 | 4,000 livestock | [20] |
5 – 14 March 1965 | Southern Highlands bushfires | New South Wales | 251,000 | 620,000 | 3 | 59 | 0 | [21] | |
7 February 1967 | Black Tuesday bushfires | Tasmania | 264,000 | 650,000 | 64 | 1,293 | 0 | [10] | |
1968 – 69[clarification needed] | 1968-69 Killarney Top Springs bushfires | Northern Territory | 40,000,000 | 99,000,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
29 November 1968 | 1968 Blue Mountains Bushfire | New South Wales | 4 | approx. 120 | 0 | [citation needed] | |||
8 January 1969 | 1969 bushfires | Victoria | 23 | 230 | 0 | [13] | |||
1969 – 70 | 1969-70 Dry River-Victoria River fire | Northern Territory | 45,000,000 | 110,000,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | [22] | |
1974 – 1975 summer fire season (defined as October 1974 to February 1975 in Queensland only) | 1974-75 Australian bushfire season[d] |
| 117,000,000 | 290,000,000 | 6 | unknown | unknown | 15% of Australia was burnt. The damage was mostly in central Australia and so it did not impact many communities.
| [22][23][4][24][25][26][27][28][29] |
12 February 1977 | Western Districts bushfires | Victoria | 103,000 | 250,000 | 4 | 116 | 340 | [citation needed] | |
17 December 1977 | Blue Mountains Fires 1977 | New South Wales | 54,000 | 130,000 | 2 | 49 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
4 April 1978 | 1978 Western Australian bushfires | Western Australia | 114,000 | 280,000 | 2 | 0 | 6 | [citation needed] | |
December 1979 | 1979 Sydney bushfires | New South Wales | 5 | 28 | 0 | [30] | |||
3 November 1980 | 1980 Waterfall bushfire | New South Wales | 1,000,000 | 2,500,000 | 5[e] | 14 | 0 | [31] | |
9 January 1983 | Grays Point bushfire | New South Wales | 3[f] | 0 | 0 | [32] | |||
16 February 1983 | Ash Wednesday bushfires |
| 418,000 | 1,030,000 | 75 | approx. 2,400 | 0 | [33][34] | |
25 December 1984 | 1984 Western New South Wales grasslands bushfires | New South Wales | 500,000 | 1,200,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| [25][26][27] |
Mid-January 1985 | 1985 Cobar bushfire | New South Wales | 516,000 | 1,280,000 | 0 | [25][26] | |||
1984 – 1985 season[clarification needed] | 1984 - 85 New South Wales bushfires | New South Wales | 3,500,000 | 8,600,000 | 5 | [22][25][26][27][28][29] | |||
14 January 1985 | Central Victoria bushfires | Victoria | 50,800 | 126,000 | 3 | 180 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
27 December 1993 – 16 January 1994 | 1994 Eastern seaboard fires | New South Wales | 400,000 | 990,000 | 4 | 225 | 0 | [35] | |
8 January 1997 | Wooroloo bushfire | Western Australia | 10,500 | 26,000 | 0 | 16 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
21 January 1997 | Dandenongs bushfire | Victoria | 400 | 990 | 3 | 41 | 0 | [36] | |
2 December 1997 | Lithgow bushfire | New South Wales | 2[g] | 0 | 0 | [36] | |||
2 December 1997 | Menai bushfire | New South Wales | 1[h] | 11 | 0 | [37] | |||
2 December 1997 | Perth and South-West Region bushfires | Western Australia | 23,000 | 57,000 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
2 December 1998 | Linton bushfire | Victoria | 5[i] | 0 | 0 | [38] | |||
25 December 2001 – 7 January 2002 | Black Christmas bushfires | New South Wales | 753,314 | 1,861,480 | 0 | 121 | 0 | [39] | |
August – November 2002 | 2002 NT bushfires | Northern Territory | 38,000,000 | 94,000,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | [22] | |
19 October 2002 | Thurlgona Road Bushfire | New South Wales | 0 | 10 | Numerous Sheds | [40] | |||
20 October 2002 | Abernathy Bushfire | New South Wales | 1,400 | 3,459 | 1 | 13 | Numerous Sheds | [41] | |
4 December 2002 | 2002 NSW Bushfires | New South Wales | 1 | 20 | Significant damage to Holsworthy Army Base | [42][43] | |||
18 – 22 January 2003 | 2003 Canberra bushfires | Australian Capital Territory | 160,000 | 400,000 | 4 | approx. 500 | 0 | [36] | |
8 January – 8 March 2003 | 2003 Eastern Victorian alpine bushfires | Victoria | 1,300,000 | 3,200,000 | 0 | 41 | 213 | 10,000 livestock | [44] |
December 2003 | Tenterden | Western Australia | 15,000[45] | 37,000 | 0 | 2 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
10 – 12 January 2005 | 2005 Eyre Peninsula bushfire | South Australia | 77,964 | 192,650 | 9 | 93 | 0 | [46] | |
New Years Day 2006 | Jail Break Inn Fire, Junee | New South Wales | 30,000 | 74,000 | 0 | 7 | 4 |
| |
December 2005 – January 2006 | 2005 Victorian bushfires | Victoria | 160,000 | 400,000 | 4 | 57 | 359 | 65,000 livestock | [47] |
January 2006 | Grampians bushfire | Victoria | 184,000 | 450,000 | 2 | 0 | 0 | [48][49] | |
6 February 2006 | Pulletop bushfire, Wagga Wagga | New South Wales | 9,000 | 22,000 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| [50] |
1 December 2006 – March 2007 | The Great Divides bushfire | Victoria | 1,048,000 | 2,590,000 | 1 | 51 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
September 2006 – January 2007 | 2006–07 Australian bushfire season |
| 1,360,000 | 3,400,000 | 5 | 83 | approx. 20 | [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] | |
4 February 2007 | Dwellingup bushfire | Western Australia | 12,000 | 30,000 | 0 | 16 | 0 | [citation needed] | |
6 – 14 December 2007 | 2007 Kangaroo Island bushfires | South Australia | 95,000 | 230,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | [58] | |
30 December 2007 | Boorabbin National Park | Western Australia | 40,000 | 99,000 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| [citation needed] |
7 February – 14 March 2009 | Black Saturday bushfires | Victoria | 450,000 | 1,100,000 | 173 | 2,029 | 2,000 | [3][59][60][61][62] | |
4 January 2013 | Tasmanian bushfires | Tasmania | 20,000 | 49,000 | 1 | [63] | |||
18 January 2013 | Warrumbungle bushfire | New South Wales | 54,000 | 130,000 | 0 | 53 | 118 |
| [64] |
17 – 28 October 2013 | 2013 New South Wales bushfires | New South Wales | 100,000 | 250,000 | 1 | 208 | 40 | [65][66][67] | |
27 December 2011 – 3 February 2012 | Carnarvon bushfire complex | Western Australia | 800,000 | 2,000,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 pastoral stations (fences, watering systems, water points, stock feed) | [citation needed] |
2 – 9 January 2015 | 2015 Sampson Flat bushfires | South Australia | 20,000 | 49,000 | 0 | 27 | 140 | ||
29 January – 20 February 2015 | 2015 O'Sullivan bushfire (Northcliffe – Windy Harbour) | Western Australia | 98,923 | 244,440 | 0 | 2 | 5 | Thousands of hectares of production forests (karri and jarrah) or national parks | [citation needed] |
January 2015 | 2015 Lower Hotham bushfire (Boddington) | Western Australia | 52,373 | 129,420 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| [citation needed] |
1–9 August 2015 | 2015 Wentworthfalls Winter Fire | New South Wales | 800 | 2,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
October – November 2015 | 2015 Esperance bushfires | Western Australia | 200,000 | 490,000 | 4 | 10 | 0 |
| [68][69] |
15 – 24 November 2015 | Perth Hills bushfire complex – Solus Group | Western Australia | 10,016 | 24,750 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Jarrah production forest and Conservation Park | [citation needed] |
25 November – 2 December 2015 | 2015 Pinery bushfire | South Australia | 85,000 | 210,000 | 2 | 91 | 0 | [70][71] | |
January 2016 | 2016 Murray Road bushfire (Waroona and Harvey) | Western Australia | 69,165 | 170,910 | 2 | 181 | Yarloop Workshops |
| [72] |
11 – 14 February 2017 | 2017 New South Wales bushfires | New South Wales | 52,000 | 130,000 | 0 | 35 | 0 | [73] | |
Early February 2019 | Tingha bushfire | New South Wales | 23,419 | 57,870 | 0 | 19 | [74][75] | ||
5 September 2019 – 2 March 2020 | 2019–20 Australian bushfire season (Black Summer) | Nationwide | 18,626,000 | 46,030,000 | 34[j] | approx. 2,600[k] | approx. 6,000 | At least one billion wild animals are estimated to have died (not including frogs and insects) with some species thought to be facing extinction. | Area[77] Other[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] |
1 June 2020 – 1 June 2021 | 2020–21 Australian bushfire season | Nationwide | 250,000 | 617,763 | 0 | 85 | Dozen outbuildings and 1 Service Station in Lucindale and dozens of out buildings in Bradbury. Outbuildings, sheds and a nursery destroyed in Oakford. Outbuildings lost in Wooroloo and surrounds. | 1 house in Northmead north west of Sydney was severely damaged. |
Australia Bushfire Seasons
- 1974-75 Australian bushfire season
- 2002–03 Australian bushfire season
- 2004–05 Australian bushfire season
- 2005–06 Australian bushfire season
- 2006–07 Australian bushfire season
- 2007–08 Australian bushfire season
- 2008–09 Australian bushfire season
- 2009–10 Australian bushfire season
- 2010–11 Australian bushfire season
- 2011–12 Australian bushfire season
- 2012–13 Australian bushfire season
- 2013–14 Australian bushfire season
- 2014–15 Australian bushfire season
- 2015–16 Australian bushfire season
- 2016–17 Australian bushfire season
- 2017–18 Australian bushfire season
- 2018–19 Australian bushfire season
- 2019–20 Australian bushfire season
- 2020–21 Australian bushfire season
- 2021–22 Australian bushfire season
- 2022–23 Australian bushfire season
Notes
- ^ The 1974–1975 and 2019–2020 bushfire seasons have a combined total of area burnt.
- ^ Included the Governor's summer residence at Marble Hill
- ^ Included the Chateau Napier
- ^ The 1974–75 bushfire season burnt over 100 million hectares (250 million acres), but there are different figures reported:
- In 1995, the Australian Bureau of Statistics reported 117 million hectares (290 million acres)[4]
- The 2004 National Inquiry on Bushfire Mitigation and Management reports a total of 102 million hectares (250 million acres)[22]
- ^ All firefighters
- ^ All volunteer firefighters
- ^ Both firefighters
- ^ A firefighter
- ^ All firefighters
- ^ Includes 3 NSW firefighters, 1 Victorian firefighter, and 3 US firefighters who were killed in a Lockheed C-130 Hercules water tanker crash in the Snowy Monaro region[76]
- ^ As of 13 January 2020[update]
- NSW 2,162+
- SA 100+
- Vic 54+
- Qld 40+
- NT 5
- Tas 1
- WA unknown
References
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- ^ "EMA Disasters Database". Emergency Management Australia. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ a b "FINAL REPORT: Summary" (PDF). Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. July 2010.
- ^ a b c d Chang, Charis (8 January 2020). "How the 2019 Australian bushfire season compares to other fire disasters". news.com.au. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
The 1974/75 fires had almost no impact and much of the damage was found by satellite after the fact.
- ^ a b Stretton, Leonard Edward Bishop (1939). Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Causes of and Measures Taken to Prevent the Bush Fires of January, 1939, and to Protect Life and Property, and the Measures Taken to Prevent Bush Fires in Victoria and Protect Life and Property in the Event of Future Bush Fires (PDF). Parliament of Victoria: T. Rider, Acting Government Printer.
- ^ Alexander, Harriet; Chung, Laura; Chrysanthos, Natassia; Drevikovsky, Janek; Brickwood, James (1 January 2020). "'Extraordinary' 2019 ends with deadliest day of the worst fire season". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ "AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY REPORT 2019" (PDF). Australian National University. p. 6. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
National fire activity was close to average: 10% below 2000–2018 average [...] total area burnt was 26 Mha; 42% below 2000–2018 average
- ^ "Australia's 2020 Environment REPORT" (PDF). Australian National University. 2021. p. 10. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
Nationally the area burnt was unusually small [...] Total area burnt was 17 Mha, 90% below the 2000– 2019 average
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- ^ Cheney, N. P. (1 January 1995). "BUSHFIRES – AN INTEGRAL PART OF AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT". 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
In 1974-75, lush growth of grasses and forbs following exceptionally heavy rainfall in the previous two years provided continuous fuels through much of central Australia and in this season fires burnt over 117 million hectares or 15 per cent of the total land area of this continent.
- ^ "The Sydney Morning Herald from Sydney, New South Wales". Newspapers.com. 21 December 1974. p. 1. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
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- v
- t
- e
- Black Thursday (1851)
- Heytesbury (1886)
- Red Tuesday (1898)
- Black Sunday (1926)
- Black Friday (1939)
- WWII (1943–44)
- Lara (1969)
- Ash Wednesday (1983)
- Linton (1998)
- Eastern Victorian alpine (2003)
- Mount Lubra (2006)
- Eastern Victoria Great Divide (2006–07)
- Black Saturday (2009)
- Great Ocean Road (2015–16)
- List of Australian bushfire seasons