Target | Title | Date | Place | Country | Assassin or other entity | Ref |
Rimush | King of Akkad | 2270 BC | | Akkadian Empire | His courtiers | [1] |
Ashur-nadin-apli | King of Assyria | 1194 BC | | Middle Assyrian Empire | Ashur-nirari III | [2] |
Ramesses III | Pharaoh of Egypt | 1155 BC | | New Kingdom of Egypt | Tiye, Pentawer, and Pebekkamen, among others | |
Simbar-shipak | King of Babylon | 1008 BC | | Babylonia | Ea-mukin-zeri | [3] |
Ea-mukin-zeri | 1008 BC | | Kashshu-nadin-ahi | [4] |
Kashshu-nadin-ahi | 1005 BC | | Eulmash-shakin-shumi | [5] |
Titus Tatius | King of the Sabines | 748 BC | Rome | Roman Kingdom | Romulus | [6] |
Ashur-nirari V | King of Assyria | 745 BC | | Neo-Assyrian Empire | Tiglath-Pileser III | [7] |
Nabu-nadin-zeri | King of Babylon | 732 BC | Babylon | Babylonia | Killed in an insurrection by Nabu-suma-ukin II. | [8] |
Nabu-suma-ukin II | 732 BC | Nabu-mukin-zeri | [9] |
Nabu-mukin-zeri | 729 BC | Killed during the Assyrian conquest of Babylon by Tiglath-Pileser III. | [10] |
Shalmaneser V | King of Assyria | 722 BC | | Neo-Assyrian Empire | Sargon II | [11] |
Mushezib-Marduk | King of Babylon | 689 BC | Babylon | Murdered during Sennacherib's sack of Babylon. |
Sennacherib | King of Assyria | 681 BC | Nineveh | Arda-Mulissu | [12] |
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus | King of Rome | 579 BC | Rome | Roman Kingdom | The sons of Ancus Marcius | |
Labashi-Marduk | King of Babylon | 556 BC | | Neo-Babylonian Empire | Nabonidus and Belshazzar, in concert with the nobles of the court. | [13] |
Phalaris | Tyrant of Agrigento | 554 BC | Agrigento | Acragas | Telemachus | |
Servius Tullius | King of Rome | 535 BC | Rome | Roman Kingdom | Lucius Tarquinius Superbus | [14] |
Hipparchus | Tyrant of Athens | 514 BC | Athens | Athens | Harmodius and Aristogeiton | [15] |
Xerxes I | Achaemenid King of Kings | August 465 BC | Persia | Achaemenid Persia | Artabanus, commander of the royal bodyguard | [16] |
Xerxes II | 424 BC | Persepolis | Sogdianus, Xerxes' half-brother | [17] |
Sogdianus | 423 BC | Darius II, Sogdianus's half-brother | [17] |
Dion | Tyrant of Syracuse | 354 BC | Syracuse, Sicily | Syracuse | Calippus | [18] |
Callippus | 352 BC | Leptines II | [19] |
Philip II | King of Macedon | October 30, 336 BC | Aigai | Macedonia | Pausanias of Orestis (personal bodyguard) | [20] |
Arses | Achaemenid King of Kings | 336 BC | | Achaemenid Persia | Bagoas | [21] |
Seleucus I Nicator | Seleucid Basileus | September 281 BC | Lysimachia, Thrace | Seleucid Empire | Ptolemy Ceraunus | [22] |
Antiochus II Theos | Seleucid Basileus | July 246 BC | Anatolia | Laodice I | [23] |
Lord Chunshen | Prime Minister of Chu | 238 BC | Shouchun | Chu | Li Yuan (李園) | |
Seleucus III Ceraunus | Seleucid Basileus | June 223 BC | Anatolia | Seleucid Empire | Members of his army | [25] |
Nabis | King of Sparta | 192 BC | Sparta | Sparta | Aetolian League | [26] |
Brihadratha Maurya | Mauryan Emperor | 180 BC | Pataliputra | Maurya Empire | Pushyamitra Shunga | [27] |
Seleucus IV Philopator | Seleucid Basileus | September 3, 175 BC | Coele-Syria | Seleucid Empire | Heliodorus | [28] |
Alexander Balas | August 145 BC | Afrin River | Zabdiel | [29] |
Antiochus VI Dionysus | 142 BC | Coele-Syria | Diodotus Tryphon | [30] |
Hiempsal I | King of Numidia | 117 BC | Cirta | Numidia | Jugurtha | [31][32] |
Julius Caesar | Dictator of Rome | March 15, 44 BC | Theatre of Pompey, Rome | Roman Republic | Liberatores | [33] |
Caligula | Emperor of Rome | January 24, 41 | Rome | Roman Empire | Praetorian Guard | [34] |
Claudius | October 13, 54 | Agrippina the Younger | [35][36] |
Galba | January 15, 69 | Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho | |
Vitellius | December 22, 69 | Vespasian's troops. | [38] |
Domitian | September 18, 96 | Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia | [39] |
Commodus | December 31, 192 | Narcissus | [40][41] |
Pertinax | March 28, 193 | Praetorian Guard | [42] |
Didius Julianus | June 1, 193 | [43] |
Geta | December 26, 211 | Centurions under orders of Caracalla | [44] |
Caracalla | April 8, 217 | Near Carrhae | Justin Martialis, at instigation of Macrinus | [45] |
Macrinus and Diadumenian | Co-Emperors of Rome | June 8, 218 | Cappadocia | Forces of Elagabalus | [46] |
Elagabalus | Emperor of Rome | March 11, 222 | Rome | Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea | [49] |
Severus Alexander | March 19, 235 | Mainz, Germania Superior | Legio XXII Primigenia | [50] |
Maximinus Thrax | May 238 | Aquileia | Soldiers of the Legio II Parthica | [51] |
Pupienus and Balbinus | Co-Emperors of Rome | July 29, 238 | Rome | Praetorian Guard |
Gordian III | Emperor of Rome | February 20, 244 | Circesium | His own army | [52] |
Philip I the Arab | Co-Emperors of Rome | September 249 | Verona | Betrayed by Decius and killed as a result of the Battle of Verona. | [53][54] |
Philip II | Rome | Murdered by the Praetorian Guard. | [53][54] |
Volusianus | Co-Emperors of Rome | August 253 | Terni | Assassinated by their own centurions, in favour of Aemilian. | [55] |
Trebonianus Gallus |
Aemilianus | Emperor of Rome | September 253 | Spoleto | Assassinated by his own troops. | [55] |
Saloninus | 260 | Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium | Revolting troops, led by Postumus |
Gallienus | September 268 | Mediolanum | Aurelius Heraclianus | [56] |
Postumus | Emperor of Gaul | 269 | Mainz | Gallic Empire | His own troops | [57][58] |
Marcus Aurelius Marius | Mid 269 | Trier | Victorinus | [59] |
Victorinus | Early 271 | Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium | Attitianus, one of his soldiers. | [60] |
Aurelian | Emperor of Rome | September 25, 275 | Çorlu | Roman Empire | Mucapor and members of the Praetorian Guard | |
Florianus | September 276 | Tarsus | Centurions | |
Probus | September 282 | Sirmium | His own soldiers | [63] |
Numerian | November 20, 284 | Homs | Lucius Flavius Aper | [64] |
Carinus | July 285 | River Margus, Moesia | Titus Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus | [65] |
Carausius | Emperor of Britannia | 293 | | Britannia | Allectus | [66] |
Bunseo | King of Baekje | 304 | Lelang Commandery | Baekje | Hwang-Chang-Lang | |
Constans | Emperor of Rome | February 350 | Elne, Gaul | Roman Empire | Magnentius | [67] |
Nepotianus | June 30, 350 | Rome | Marcellinus | |
Gratian | August 25, 383 | Lyon | Andragathius | [68][69] |
Magnus Maximus | August 28, 388 | Aquileia | Theodosius I | [70][71] |
Victor | Trier | Arbogast | |
Valentinian II | May 15, 392 | Vienne | [72] |
Eugenius | Western Roman Emperor | September 6, 394 | Frigidus River | Western Roman Empire | Theodosius I | [73] |
Constantine III | Co-Western Roman Emperors | c. September 18, 411 | Ravenna | Constantius III | [74][75] |
Constans II | Vienne | Gerontius | [74][75] |
Joannes | Western Roman Emperor | June 425 | Aquileia | Ardabur | [76] |
Hassan Yuha'min | King of Himyar | 448 | | Iraq | Sharhabil Yafar | [77] |
Valentinian III | Western Roman Emperor | March 16, 455 | Rome | Western Roman Empire | Followers of Flavius Aetius | |
Ankō | Emperor of Japan | 456 | | Kofun Japan | Mayowa no Ōkimi | [79] |
Majorian | Western Roman Emperor | August 7, 461 | Tortona | Western Roman Empire | Ricimer | [80] |
Libius Severus | August 15, 465 | Rome | [81] |
Anthemius | July 11, 472 | [82][83] |
Julius Nepos | June 22, 480 | Salona | Two retainers at the instigation of Glycerius | [84] |
Odoacer | King of Italy | March 15, 493 | Ravenna | Kingdom of Italy | Theodoric | [85][86] |
Dhu Shanatir | King of Himyar | 517 | Zafar | Himyarite Kingdom | Dhu Nuwas | [77] |
Bahram Chobin | Sasanian Shahanshah | 591 | Fergana | Western Turkic Khaganate | Murdered under order of Khosrow II. | [87] |
Sushun | Emperor of Japan | 592 | | Asuka Japan | Yamato no Aya no Ataikoma, under the orders of Soga no Umako |
Maurice | Emperor of the Romans | November 22, 602 | Chalcedon | Byzantine Empire | Overthrown and Executed by Phocas |
Phocas | October 4, 610 | Constantinople | Overthrown and executed by Heraclius |
Emperor Yang of Sui | Emperor of China | April 11, 618 | Danyang, Jiangsu | Sui China | Yuwen Huaji and other officials in a coup d'état |
Umar | Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate | November 3, 644 | Medina, Arabia | Rashidun Caliphate | Abu Lulu |
Uthman | June 17, 656 | Egyptian rebels |
Ali ibn Abi Talib | January 29, 661 | Kufa | Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam |
Constans II | Emperor of the Romans | September 15, 668 | Syracuse | Byzantine Empire | By an attendant while in the bath | [88] |
Tiberios III Apsimar | February 706 | Constantinople | Executed by Justinian II | |
Justinian II | December 711 | Overthrown and executed in a military revolt led by Phillipikos | |
Leo V "The Armenian" | December 24, 820 | Assassinated as part of a conspiracy in support of the imprisoned Michael the Amorian | [89] |
Michael III | September 23, 867 | Basil the Macedonian | |
John VIII | Pope | December 16, 882 | Rome | Papal States | Clerics | [90] |
Emperor Zhaozong of Tang | Emperor of China | September 22, 904 | Luoyang | Tang dynasty | Zhu Wen |
Wenceslaus I | Duke of Bohemia | September 28, 935 | Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav | Duchy of Bohemia | Boleslaus I |
Edmund I | King of the English | May 26, 946 | Pucklechurch | England | Leofa, a convicted outlaw |
Nikephoros II Phokas | Emperor of the Romans | December 11, 969 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire | John I Tzimiskes | |
Edward the Martyr | King of the English | March 18, 978 | Corfe Castle, Corfe Castle (village)[91] | England | Ælfthryth |
Kenneth II | King of Alba | 995 | Fettercairn | Scotland | Finella |
Brian Boru | High King of Ireland | April 23, 1014 | Clontarf, Dublin | Ireland | Brodir and Ospak of Man |
Boniface III | Margrave of Tuscany | May 6, 1052 | Oglio | March of Tuscany | Scarpetta Carnevari |
Alp Arslan | Sultan of the Seljuk Empire | November 25, 1072 | Khwarazm | Seljuk Empire | Yussuf al-Kharezmi |
Nizam al-Mulk | Vizier of the Seljuk Empire | October 14, 1092 | Nahavand | Seljuk Empire | Order of Assassins |
Thoros | Lord of Edessa | March 9, 1098 | | Edessa | Mob incited by Baldwin of Boulogne |
Conrad | Bishop of Utrecht | April 14, 1099 | Utrecht | Utrecht | A Frisian |
William II | King of England | August 2, 1100 | The New Forest | England | Walter Tirel |
Al-Afdal Shahanshah | Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate | December 11, 1121 | | Fatimid Caliphate | Team of three rafiqs from the Order of Assassins[92] |
Charles I | Count of Flanders | March 2, 1127 | Bruges | Flanders | A group of knights answering to the Erembald family |
Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah | Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate | October 7, 1130 | Cairo | Fatimid Caliphate | team of 7 rafiqs from the Order of Assassins |
Al-Mustarshid | Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate | August 29, 1135 | Maragheh or Hamadan | Abbasid Caliphate | team of rafiqs from the Order of Assassins |
Harald Gille | King of Norway | December 14, 1136 | Bergen | Norway | Sigurd Slembe |
Eric II | King of Denmark | September 18, 1137 | Urnohoved | Denmark | Murdered by Sorte Plov during a Ting | [93] |
Al-Rashid | Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate | June 6, 1138 | Mosul or Isfahan | Abbasid Caliphate | a team of men in his service (Order of Assassins) |
Imad al-Din Zengi | Emir of the Zengid dynasty | September 14, 1146 | Qal'at Ja'bar | Seljuk Empire | Yarankash |
Raymond II | Count of Tripoli | 1152 | Tripoli's southern city gate | County of Tripoli | Order of Assassins |
Sverker I | King of Sweden | December 25, 1156 | Alvastra | Sweden | A trusted servant |
Canute V | Triarchial King of Denmark | August 9, 1157 | Roskilde | Denmark | Killed under the Roskilde Bloodbath | [94] |
Eric IX | King of Sweden | May 18, 1160 | Uppsala | Sweden | Magnus II |
Charles VII | April 12, 1167 | Visingsö | Supporters of Knut Eriksson |
Alaungsithu | King of Pagan | 1167 | Shwegugyi Temple | Pagan Kingdom | His son Narathu |
Andronikos I Komnenos | Emperor of the Romans | September 11, 1185 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire | Lynched by a popular uprising instigated by Isaac Angelos |
Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair | King of Connacht | 1189 | Clanconway | Kingdom of Connacht | Assassins instigated by Conchobar ua nDiarmata |
Conrad of Montferrat | de facto King of Jerusalem | April 28, 1192 | Acre, en route to his house | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Order of Assassins |
Ivan Asen I | Tsar of Bulgaria | 1196 | Tarnovo | Bulgarian Empire | Ivanko |
Peter II | 1197 | Preslav | Unknown, possibly in a riot or as the result of a conspiracy. |
Alexios IV Angelos | Emperor of the Romans | February 8, 1204 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire | Deposed and executed by Alexios Doukas |
Alexios V Doukas | December 1204 | Executed by the participants of the Fourth Crusade |
Baldwin I | Emperor of the Romans | 1205 | Tarnovo | Latin Empire | Kaloyan, Tsar of Bulgaria |
Boniface of Montferrat | King of Thessalonica and Marquis of Montferrat | September 4, 1207 | Thrace | Montferrat &
Thessalonica | Murdered by Bulgarian Peasants, believed to be acting on the orders of Kaloyan |
Kaloyan | Tsar of Bulgaria | October 1207 | Thessaloniki | Bulgarian Empire | Unknown, believed to be Manastras, the Captain of his Mercenaries |
Han Tuozhou | Grand Chancellor of the Song dynasty | 1207 | Hangzhou | Song dynasty | Shi Miyuan |
Philip of Swabia | King of Germany | June 21, 1208 | Bamburg, Franconia | Kingdom of Germany | Otto VIII, Count Palatine of Bavaria |
Csépán Győr | Palatine of Hungary | 1209 | | Hungary | Tiba Tomaj |
Minamoto no Sanetomo | Shōgun | February 13, 1219 | Tsurugaoka Hachimangū | Kamakura shogunate | Kugyō |
Eric IV | King of Denmark | August 10, 1250 | Gottorf Castle | Denmark | Abel of Denmark |
Michael II Asen | Tsar of Bulgaria | 1256 | Tarnovo | Bulgarian Empire | Kaliman II Asen |
Kaliman II Asen | His co-conspirators from the assassination of Michael II |
Qutuz | Sultan of Egypt | October 24, 1260 | Salihiyah [ar] | Mamluk Sultanate | Baibars |
Eric V | King of Denmark | November 22, 1286 | Finderup, Viborg | Denmark | Unknown, believed to be a conspiracy by Danish nobles |
Ladislaus IV | King of Hungary | July 10, 1290 | Körösszeg | Hungary | Three Cumans, named Árbóc, Törtel, and Kemence |
Przemysł II | King of Poland | February 8, 1296 | Rogoźno | Kingdom of Poland | Brandenburg assassins |
Floris V | Count of Holland | June 27, 1296 | Muiderberg | Holland | Gerard van Velsen |
Chaka | Tsar of Bulgaria | 1300 | Tarnovo | Bulgarian Empire | Theodore Svetoslav |
Wenceslaus III | King of Bohemia | August 4, 1306 | Olomouc | Bohemia | Unidentified assassin |
Albert I | King of Germany | May 1, 1308 | Windisch | Further Austria | John Parricida |
Gegeen Khan | Emperor of the Yuan dynasty | September 4, 1323 | Nanpo | Yuan dynasty | Tegshi |
Yagi Basti | Ruler of Shiraz | 1344 | Tabriz | Chobanid realm | Malek Ashraf |
Haidar Qassāb | Head of the Sarbadars | 1356 | | Sarbadar state | By a Turkish slave |
Peter the Cruel | King of Castile | March 23, 1369 | Montiel | Toledo | Henry II |
Murad I | Sultan of The Ottoman Empire | June 28, 1389 | Kosovo Field | Serbian Empire ( Branković) | Lazar Hrebeljanović |
Louis I | Duke of Orléans | November 23, 1407 | Le Marais | Orléans | 15 masked assassins under the orders of John the Fearless |
Gian Maria Visconti | Duke of Milan | May 16, 1412 | Milan | Milan | Guelphs and Ghibellines |
John the Fearless | Duke of Burgundy | September 10, 1419 | Montereau-Fault-Yonne | Burgundy | Tanneguy du Chastel |
Abu Said | Ruler of Qara Qoyunlu | 1430 | Qara Qoyunlu | Qara Qoyunlu | Iskandar |
Iskandar | Ruler of Qara Qoyunlu | 1436 | Alinja Tower | Qara Qoyunlu | Jahan Shah |
Ashikaga Yoshinori | Shōgun | July 12, 1441 | Muromachi Japan | Ashikaga shogunate | Akamatsu Mitsusuke |
Hasan Ali | Ruler of Qara Qoyunlu | 1468 | Hamadan | Qara Qoyunlu | Ughurlu Muhammad |
Mirza Yusuf | Ruler of Qara Qoyunlu | October 22, 1469 | Shiraz | Qara Qoyunlu | Ughurlu Muhammad |
Henry VI | King of England | May 21, 1471 | Tower of London | England | Edward IV |
Giuliano de' Medici | Lord of Florence | April 26, 1478 | Florence Cathedral | Florence | Francesco de' Pazzi |
James III | King of Scotland | June 11, 1488 | Sauchieburn | Scotland | Rebels, led by James IV |
Ahmad Shah of Malacca | Sultan of Malacca | 1513 | Riau Islands | Malacca Sultanate | Mahmud Shah of Malacca |
Alessandro de' Medici | Lord of Florence | January 6, 1537 | Florence | Florence | Lorenzino de' Medici |
Francisco Pizarro | Governor of New Castile | June 26, 1541 | Lima | Spanish New Castile | Diego de Almagro II |
Worawongsathirat | King of Siam | November 11, 1548 | Lopburi | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Maha Thammaracha |
Tabinshwehti | King of Burma | April 30, 1550 | Pantanaw | Toungoo dynasty | Smim Sawhtut |
Ashikaga Yoshiteru | Shōgun | June 17, 1565 | Nijō Castle | Ashikaga shogunate | Miyoshi Yoshitsugu |
James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray | Regent of Scotland | January 23, 1570 | Linlithgow | Kingdom of Scotland | James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh |
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | October 11, 1579 | Istanbul | Ottoman Empire | Order of Assassins |
William the Silent | Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Friesland | July 10, 1584 | Delft | Dutch Republic | Balthasar Gérard |
Henry III | King of France | August 1, 1589 | Saint-Cloud | France | Jacques Clément |
Michael the Brave | Prince of Wallachia | August 9, 1601 | Turda | Wallachia | Giorgio Basta |
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak | Grand Vizier of the Mughal empire | August 12, 1602 | Deccan | Mughal Empire | Vir Singh Deo |
Henry IV | King of France | May 14, 1610 | Paris | France | François Ravaillac |
Concino Concini | Chief minister of France | April 24, 1617 | Guards under orders of Louis XIII |
Osman II | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | May 20, 1622 | Yedikule Fortress, Istanbul | Ottoman Empire | Janissaries |
Anaukpetlun | King of Burma | July 9, 1628 | Bago, Myanmar | Toungoo dynasty | Minyedeippa, his son |
Saru Taqi | Grand Vizier of Safavid Empire | October 11, 1645 | Isfahan | Persia | Jani Khan |
Zhu Yujian | Emperor of the Great Ming | October 6, 1646 | Fujian | Southern Ming | Qing soldiers |
Charles I | King of England, Scotland and Ireland | January 30, 1649 | Whitehall, London | England
Scotland
Ireland | High Court of Justice |
Mahmud II of Johor | Sultan of Johor | September 3, 1699 | Kota Tinggi, Johor | Johor Sultanate | Megat Sri Rama |
Daniel Parke | Governor of the Leeward Islands | December 7, 1710 | Antigua | British Leeward Islands | By an angry mob |
Abdul Aziz Hotak | Emir of Afghanistan | 1717 | Kandahar | Hotak dynasty | Mahmud Hotak |
Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda | Governor-General of the Philippines | October 11, 1719 | Palacio del Gobernador, Manila | Spanish Philippines | Francisco de la Cuesta |
Mahmud Hotak | Emir of Afghanistan | April 22, 1725 | Isfahan | Hotak dynasty | Ashraf Hotak |
Nader Shah | Shahanshah of Iran | June 20, 1747 | Quchan | Persia | Salah Bey |
Ebrahim Afshar | Shahanshah of Iran | September 24, 1748 | Afsharid Iran | Afsharid Iran | His troops |
Peter III | Emperor of Russia | July 17, 1762 | Ropsha | Russian Empire | Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov |
Zaki Khan Zand | Shahanshah of Iran | June 6, 1779 | Izadkhast | Zand dynasty | Rebellious tribal leaders |
Jafar Khan | Shahanshah of Iran | January 23, 1789 | Arg of Karim Khan | Zand dynasty | Sayed Morad Khan |
Sayed Morad Khan | Shahanshah of Iran | May 10, 1789 | Shiraz | Zand dynasty | Lotf Ali Khan |
Gustav III | King of Sweden | March 16, 1792 (d. March 29, 1792) | Stockholm | Sweden | Jacob Johan Anckarström |
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar | Shahanshah of Iran | June 17, 1797 | Shusha | Qajar Empire | A Georgian servant named Sadeq and a valet called Khodadad-e Esfahani, both of whom were due to be executed. |
Paul I | Emperor of Russia | March 23, 1801 | St. Petersburg | Russia | Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Nikita Petrovich Panin, José de Ribas, Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil and Nikolay Zubov |
Kirtiman Singh Basnyat | Mulkaji of Nepal | September 28, 1801 | Kathmandu | Kingdom of Nepal | Supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi | |
Jean-Jacques Dessalines | Emperor of Haiti | October 17, 1806 | Pont Rouge | Haiti | Unknown | [96] |
Spencer Perceval | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | May 11, 1812 | Westminster | United Kingdom | John Bellingham | [97] |
Shaka | King of the Zulus | September 22, 1828 | KwaDukuza | Zulu Kingdom | Dingane and Mhlangana, Shaka's younger brothers |
Pedro Blanco Soto | President of Bolivia | January 1, 1829 | Sucre | Bolivia | Unknown |
Ioannis Kapodistrias | Governor of the Hellenic State | October 9, 1831 | Nafplion | Greece | Konstantis and Georgios Mavromichalis |
Felipe Santiago Salaverry | President of Peru | February 18, 1836 | Arequipa | Peru | Andrés de Santa Cruz |
Mathabarsingh Thapa | Prime Minister of Nepal | May 17, 1845 | Kathmandu | Kingdom of Nepal | Jung Bahadur Kunwar and his brothers |
Fateh Jung Shah | September 14, 1846 | Hanuman Dhoka |
João Maria Ferreira do Amaral | Governor of Macau | August 22, 1849 | Macau | Portuguese Macau | Shen Zhiliang and six other Chinese men |
Charles III | Duke of Parma | March 26, 1854 | Parma | Parma | Unknown |
Danilo I | Prince of Montenegro | August 13, 1860 | Kotor | Montenegro | Todor Kadić |
José Santos Guardiola | President of Honduras | January 11, 1862 | Comayagua | Honduras | His personal body guard |
Barbu Catargiu | Prime Minister of Romania | June 20, 1862 | Bucharest | Romania | Unknown |
Radama II | King of Madagascar | May 12, 1863 | Rova of Antananarivo | Merina Kingdom | Soldiers under orders of Rainivoninahitriniony |
Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States | April 14, 1865 (d. April 15, 1865) | Washington, D.C. | United States | John Wilkes Booth | [98] |
Venancio Flores | President of Uruguay | February 19, 1868 | Montevideo | Uruguay | Unknown assailants, presumably of Blanco political faction |
Mihailo Obrenović | Prince of Serbia | June 10, 1868 | Belgrade | Serbia | Pavle Radovanović, Kosta Radovanović |
Juan Prim | Prime Minister of Spain | December 30, 1870 | Madrid | Spain | Unknown |
Richard Bourke | Governor-General of India | February 8, 1872 | Port Blair | British India | Sher Ali Afridi |
José Balta | President of Peru | July 22, 1872 | Lima | Peru | Tomás Gutiérrez |
Tomás Gutiérrez | July 26, 1872 | Military coup d'état |
Gabriel García Moreno | President of Ecuador | August 6, 1875 | Quito | Ecuador | Faustino Rayo |
Juan Bautista Gill | President of Paraguay | April 12, 1877 | Asunción | Paraguay | Nicanor Silvano Godoi |
Alexander II | Emperor of Russia | March 13, 1881 | St. Petersburg | Russia | Narodnaya Volya | [99] |
James A. Garfield | President of the United States | July 2, 1881 (d. September 19, 1881) | Washington, D.C. | United States | Charles J. Guiteau | [100] |
Ranodip Singh Kunwar | Prime Minister of Nepal | November 22, 1885 | Kathmandu | Kingdom of Nepal | Khadga Shumsher, Chandra Shumsher, and Dambar Shumsher |
Sadi Carnot | President of France | June 24, 1894 | Lyon | France | Sante Geronimo Caserio |
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | Shah of Iran | May 1, 1896 | Tehran | Iran | Mirza Reza Kermani |
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo | Prime Minister of Spain | August 8, 1897 | Mondragón | Spain | Michele Angiolillo |
Juan Idiarte Borda | President of Uruguay | August 25, 1897 | Montevideo | Uruguay | Avelino Arredondo |
José María Reina Barrios | President of Guatemala | February 8, 1898 | Ciudad de Guatemala | Guatemala | Edgar Zollinger |
Ulises Heureaux | President of the Dominican Republic | July 26, 1899 | Moca | Dominican Republic | Ramón Cáceres |
Umberto I | King of Italy | July 29, 1900 | Monza | Italy | Gaetano Bresci |
William McKinley | President of the United States | September 6, 1901 (d. September 14, 1901) | Buffalo, New York | United States | Leon Czolgosz |
Alexander I | King of Serbia | June 11, 1903 | Belgrade | Serbia | May Overthrow |
Dimitrije Cincar-Marković | Prime Minister of Serbia |
Nikolay Bobrikov | Governor-General of Finland | June 16, 1904 | Helsinki | Grand Duchy of Finland | Eugen Schauman |
Xavier Coppolani | Governor of Mauritania | May 12, 1905 | Adrar | French Mauritania | Gudfiyya brotherhood |
Mutaib bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid | Emir of Jabal Shammar | December 27, 1906 | Al-Ahaimar | Emirate of Jabal Shammar | Sultan bin Hamoud Al Rashid |
Dimitar Petkov | Prime Minister of Bulgaria | March 11, 1907 | Sofia | Bulgaria | By an unnamed anarchist |
Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan | Prime Minister of Iran | August 31, 1907 | Tehran | Iran | Abbas Aqa Tabrizi (fa) |
Carlos I | King of Portugal | February 1, 1908 | Lisbon | Portugal | Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buíça |
Guangxu Emperor | Emperor of China | November 14, 1908 | Imperial City, Beijing | Qing China | Unknown | [101] |
Boutros Ghali | Prime Minister of Egypt | February 21, 1910 | Cairo | Egypt | Watani Party member |
Pyotr Stolypin | Prime Minister of Russia | September 18, 1911 | Kiev | Russia | Dmitry Bogrov |
Ramón Cáceres | President of the Dominican Republic | November 19, 1911 | Santo Domingo | Dominican Republic | Rebels |
José Canalejas y Méndez | Prime Minister of Spain | November 12, 1912 | Madrid | Spain | Manuel Pardiñas |
Manuel Enrique Araujo | President of El Salvador | February 9, 1913 | San Salvador | El Salvador | Mulatilo Virgilio, Fermin Perez and Fabian Graciano |
Francisco I. Madero | President of Mexico | February 22, 1913 | Mexico City | Mexico | Francisco Cárdenas | [102] |
George I | King of Greece | March 18, 1913 | Thessaloniki | Greece | Alexandros Schinas |
Mahmud Shevket Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | June 11, 1913 | Istanbul | Ottoman Empire | Relative of Nazım Pasha |
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam | President of Haiti | July 27, 1915 | Port-au-Prince | Haiti | Numerous assailants |
Karl von Stürgkh | Minister-President of Cisleithania | October 21, 1916 | Vienna | Austria-Hungary | Friedrich Adler |
Sidónio Pais | President of Portugal | December 14, 1918 | Lisbon | Portugal | José Júlio da Costa |
Habibullah Khan | Emir of Afghanistan | February 20, 1919 | Laghman | Afghanistan | Mustafa Seghir |
Alexander Kolchak | Supreme Ruler of Russia | February 7, 1920 | Irkutsk | Russia | Bolsheviks |
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid | Emir of Jabal Shammar | March 1920 | | Emirate of Jabal Shammar | Abdullah bin Talal Al Rashid |
Venustiano Carranza | President of Mexico | May 21, 1920 | Tlaxcalantongo | Mexico | Rodolfo Herrero | [103] |
Eduardo Dato | Prime Minister of Spain | March 8, 1921 | Madrid | Spain | Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, Ramon Casanelles |
António Granjo | Prime Minister of Portugal | October 19, 1921 | Lisbon | Portugal | Bloody Night |
Hara Takashi | Prime Minister of Japan | November 4, 1921 | Tokyo | Japan | Nakaoka Kon'ichi |
Gabriel Narutowicz | President of Poland | December 16, 1922 | Warsaw | Poland | Eligiusz Niewiadomski |
Aleksandar Stamboliyski | Prime Minister of Bulgaria | June 14, 1923 | Slavovitsa | Bulgaria | Military coup d'état |
Lee Stack | Governor of Sudan | November 19, 1924 | Cairo | Egypt | Egyptian Students |
Symon Petliura | President of Ukraine | May 25, 1926 | Paris | France | Sholom Schwartzbard |
Zhang Zuolin | President of the Republic of China | June 4, 1928 | Shenyang | China | Kwantung Army |
Paul Doumer | President of France | May 7, 1932 | Paris | France | Paul Gorguloff |
Inukai Tsuyoshi | Prime Minister of Japan | May 15, 1932 | Tokyo | Japan | May 15 Incident |
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | President of Peru | April 30, 1933 | Lima | Peru | Abelardo de Mendoza | |
Mohammed Nadir Shah | King of Afghanistan | November 8, 1933 | Kabul | Afghanistan | Abdul Khaliq Hazara |
Ion G. Duca | Prime Minister of Romania | December 30, 1933 | Sinaia | Romania | Nicolae Constantinescu |
Engelbert Dollfuss | Chancellor of Austria | July 25, 1934 | Vienna | Austria | July Putsch |
Alexander I | King of Yugoslavia | October 9, 1934 | Marseille | France | Vlado Chernozemski |
Armand Călinescu | Prime Minister of Romania | September 21, 1939 | Bucharest | Romania | Iron Guard members |
Ahmad Maher Pasha | Prime Minister of Egypt | February 24, 1945 | Cairo | Egypt | Mahmoud El Essawy |
Ananda Mahidol | King of Siam | June 9, 1946 | Grand Palace, Bangkok | Siam | Unknown |
Gualberto Villarroel | President of Bolivia | July 21, 1946 | La Paz | Bolivia | By an organized mob |
Aung San | Premier of Burma | July 19, 1947 | Rangoon | British Burma | U Saw |
Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din | Imam of Yemen | February 17, 1948 | Sanaa | Yemen | Al-Qardaei |
Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha | Prime Minister of Egypt | December 28, 1948 | Cairo | Egypt | Abdel Meguid Ahmed Hassan |
Husni al-Za'im | President of Syria | August 14, 1949 | Damascus | Syria | Coup d'état |
Muhsin al-Barazi | Prime Minister of Syria |
Abdolhossein Hazhir | Prime Minister of Iran | November 5, 1949 | Tehran | Iran | Fada'iyan-e Islam |
Duncan Stewart | Governor of Sarawak | December 10, 1949 | Sibu | British Sarawak | Rukun 13 |
Sami al-Hinnawi | President of Syria | October 31, 1950 | Beirut | Lebanon | Hersho al-Barazi |
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud | President of Venezuela | November 13, 1950 | Caracas | Venezuela | Rafael Simón Urbina and Domingo Urbina. |
Haj Ali Razmara | Prime Minister of Iran | March 7, 1951 | Tehran | Iran | Fada'iyan-e Islam |
Abdullah I | King of Jordan | July 20, 1951 | East Jerusalem | Jerusalem | Mustapha Shukari Usho |
Henry Gurney | High Commissioner for Malaya | October 6, 1951 | Fraser's Hill | Malaya | Malayan Communist Party |
Liaquat Ali Khan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | October 16, 1951 | Rawalpindi | Pakistan | Saad Akbar Babrak |
José Antonio Remón Cantera | President of Panama | January 2, 1955 | Panama City | Panama | Unknown |
Anastasio Somoza García | President of Nicaragua | September 21, 1956 | León | Nicaragua | Rigoberto López Pérez |
Carlos Castillo Armas | President of Guatemala | July 26, 1957 | Guatemala City | Guatemala | Romeo Vásquez Sánchez | [105] |
Ibrahim Hashem | Prime Minister of Jordan | June 14, 1958 | Baghdad | Iraq | By revolutionaries |
Faisal II | King of Iraq | July 14, 1958 | Arab Federation | Military coup d'état |
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike | Prime Minister of Ceylon | September 26, 1959 | Colombo | Ceylon | Talduwe Somarama |
Hazza' Majali | Prime Minister of Jordan | August 29, 1960 | Amman | Jordan | Killed in a bomb explosion |
Abebe Aregai | Prime Minister of Ethiopia | December 17, 1960 | Addis Ababa | Ethiopia | Failed military coup d'état |
Rafael Trujillo | President of the Dominican Republic | May 30, 1961 | Ciudad Trujillo | Dominican Republic | Juan Tomás Díaz, Antonio de la Maza, Amado García Guerrero, Antonio Imbert Barrera |
Louis Rwagasore | Prime Minister of Burundi | October 13, 1961 | Bujumbura | Ruanda-Urundi | Jean (Ioannis) Kageorgis |
Sylvanus Olympio | President of Togo | January 13, 1963 | Lomé | Togo | Military coup d'état |
Abd al-Karim Qasim | Prime Minister of Iraq | February 9, 1963 | Baghdad | Iraq | Military coup d'état |
Ngo Dinh Diem | President of the Republic of Vietnam | November 2, 1963 | Saigon | South Vietnam | Military coup d'état |
John F. Kennedy | President of the United States | November 22, 1963 | Dallas | United States | Lee Harvey Oswald | [106] |
Jigme Palden Dorji | Prime Minister of Bhutan | April 6, 1964 | Phuntsoling | Bhutan | Royal Bhutan Army |
Hassan Ali Mansur | Prime Minister of Iran | January 27, 1965 | Tehran | Iran | Fada'iyan-e Islam |
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa | Prime Minister of Nigeria | January 15, 1966 | Lagos | Nigeria | Military coup d'état |
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Head of State of Nigeria | July 29, 1966 | Lalupon |
Hendrik Verwoerd | Prime Minister of South Africa | September 6, 1966 | Cape Town | South Africa | Dimitri Tsafendas |
Abdirashid Shermarke | President of Somalia | October 15, 1969 | Las Anod | Somalia | His personal bodyguards |
Wasfi Tal | Prime Minister of Jordan | November 28, 1971 | Cairo | Egypt | Black September |
Abeid Karume | President of Zanzibar | April 7, 1972 | Zanzibar City | Zanzibar | Four unnamed gunmen |
Luis Carrero Blanco | Prime Minister of Spain | December 20, 1973 | Madrid | Spain | ETA |
Richard Ratsimandrava | President of Madagascar | February 11, 1975 | Antananarivo | Madagascar | Republican Security Forces |
Faisal I | King of Saudi Arabia | March 25, 1975 | Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | Faisal bin Musaid |
François Tombalbaye | President of Chad | April 13, 1975 | N'Djamena | Chad | Military coup d'état |
Long Boret | Prime Minister of Cambodia | April 17, 1975 | Phnom Penh | Cambodia | Execution by shooting |
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | President of Bangladesh | August 15, 1975 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | Bangladesh Army |
Muhammad Mansur Ali | Prime Minister of Bangladesh | November 3, 1975 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | Bangladesh Army |
Murtala Muhammed | Head of State of Nigeria | February 13, 1976 | Lagos | Nigeria | Buka Suka Dimka |
Marien Ngouabi | President of the Republic of Congo | March 18, 1977 | Brazzaville | Congo-Brazzaville | Suicide Commando |
Ibrahim al-Hamdi | President of North Yemen | October 11, 1977 | Sana'a | North Yemen | Unknown |
Mohammed Daoud Khan | President of Afghanistan | April 28, 1978 | Kabul | Afghanistan | Saur Revolution |
Ali Soilih | President of the Comoros | May 29, 1978 | Moroni | Comoros | French Colonel Bob Denard |
Ahmad al-Ghashmi | President of North Yemen | June 24, 1978 | Sana'a | North Yemen | bomb |
Salim Rubai Ali | Chairman of the Presidential Council | June 26, 1978 | Aden | South Yemen | Coup d'état |
Francisco Mendes | Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau | July 7, 1978 | Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | PAIGC dissidents |
Nur Muhammad Taraki | Chairman of the Revolutionary Council | September 14, 1979 | Kabul | Afghanistan | Military coup d'état |
Park Chung-hee | President of South Korea | October 26, 1979 | Seoul | South Korea | Kim Jae-gyu (president's security chief) |
Hafizullah Amin | Chairman of the Revolutionary Council | December 27, 1979 | Kabul | Afghanistan | Operation Storm-333 |
William Tolbert | President of Liberia | April 12, 1980 | Monrovia | Liberia | Military coup d'état |
Sultan Ibraimov | Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan | December 4, 1980 | Cholpon Ata | Kirghiz SSR | KGB (suspected) |
Francisco Sá Carneiro | Prime Minister of Portugal | December 4, 1980 | Camarate | Portugal | Camarate plane crash |
Ziaur Rahman | President of Bangladesh | May 30, 1981 | Chittagong | Bangladesh | A faction of officers of the Bangladesh Army |
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar | Prime Minister of Iran | August 30, 1981 | Tehran | Iran | People's Mujahedin of Iran |
Mohammad-Ali Rajai | President of Iran |
Anwar Sadat | President of Egypt | October 6, 1981 | Cairo | Egypt | Khalid Islambouli |
Bachir Gemayel | President-elect of Lebanon | September 14, 1982 | Achrafieh, Beirut | Lebanon | Habib Shartouni |
Maurice Bishop | Prime Minister of Grenada | October 19, 1983 | St. George's | Grenada | Coup d'état | |
Indira Gandhi | Prime Minister of India | October 31, 1984 | New Delhi | India | Satwant Singh and Beant Singh (personal bodyguards) |
Haruo Remeliik | President of Palau | June 30, 1985 | Koror | Palau | Unknown |
Olof Palme | Prime Minister of Sweden | February 28, 1986 | Stockholm | Sweden | Official suspect: Stig Engström |
Rashid Karami | Prime Minister of Lebanon | June 1, 1987 | Beirut | Lebanon | Killed by a car bomb planted by unidentified militant |
Thomas Sankara | President of Burkina Faso | October 15, 1987 | Ouagadougou | Burkina Faso | Soldiers under the command of Gilbert Diendéré |
René Moawad | President of Lebanon | November 22, 1989 | Beirut | Lebanon | Killed by a car bomb |
Ahmed Abdallah | President of the Comoros | November 26, 1989 | Moroni | Comoros | Coup d'état |
Nicolae Ceaușescu | President of Romania | December 25, 1989 | Târgoviște | Romania | Execution by firing squad |
Samuel Doe | President of Liberia | September 9, 1990 | Monrovia | Liberia | Prince Johnson |
Mohamed Boudiaf | President of Algeria | June 29, 1992 | Annaba | Algeria | Lambarek Boumaarafi |
Ranasinghe Premadasa | President of Sri Lanka | May 1, 1993 | Colombo | Sri Lanka | LTTE |
Melchior Ndadaye | President of Burundi | October 21, 1993 | Bujumbura | Burundi | Military coup d'état |
Juvénal Habyarimana | President of Rwanda | April 6, 1994 | Kigali | Rwanda | Presidential aircraft shootdown |
Cyprien Ntaryamira | President of Burundi |
Agathe Uwilingiyimana | Prime Minister of Rwanda | April 7, 1994 | Rwandan Armed Forces |
Yitzhak Rabin | Prime Minister of Israel | November 4, 1995 | Tel Aviv | Israel | Yigal Amir |
Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara | President of Niger | April 9, 1999 | Niamey | Niger | Mutinous soldiers | [107] |
Vazgen Sargsyan | Prime Minister of Armenia | October 27, 1999 | Yerevan | Armenia | Nairi Hunanyan |
Laurent-Désiré Kabila | President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | January 16, 2001 | Kinshasa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Rashidi Muzele |
Birendra | King of Nepal | June 1, 2001 | Narayanhiti Palace, Kathmandu | Nepal | Dipendra |
Zoran Đinđić | Prime Minister of Serbia | March 12, 2003 | Belgrade | Serbia and Montenegro | Zvezdan Jovanović |
João Bernardo Vieira | President of Guinea-Bissau | March 2, 2009 | Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | Armed Forces of Guinea-Bissau |
Muammar Gaddafi | Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution | October 20, 2011 | Libya | Libya | National Transitional Council |
Jovenel Moïse | President of Haiti | July 7, 2021 | Port-au-Prince | Haiti | Unknown | [108] |