Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Tortonian (Huayquerian) ~9.0–7.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Sub-units | Conglomerado Osifero Member |
Underlies | Puerto Alvear, Hernandarías, Timbúes & Yupoí Formations |
Overlies | Paraná & Rosario Formations |
Area | 120,000 km2 (46,000 sq mi) |
Thickness | Up to 150 m (490 ft) Typically 10–20 m (33–66 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone, mudstone |
Other | Conglomerate |
Location | |
Location | Mesopotamia |
Coordinates | 31°42′S 60°24′W / 31.7°S 60.4°W / -31.7; -60.4 |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 31°48′S 58°18′W / 31.8°S 58.3°W / -31.8; -58.3 |
Region | Corrientes, Santa Fe & Entre Ríos Provinces |
Country | Argentina |
Extent | Paraná Basin |
Type section | |
Named for | Ituzaingó |
Named by | De Alba |
Year defined | 1953 |
The Ituzaingó Formation (Spanish: Formación Ituzaingó), in older literature also described as Entre Ríos or Entrerriana Formation, is an extensive geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Paraná Basin of the Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos Provinces in Mesopotamia, northeastern Argentina.[1] The formation comprises mudstones, cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerates deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment and is renowned for the preservation of a rich fossil assemblage, including many mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, bivalves, foraminifera, ichnofossils and flora.
Description
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Paranarivermap.png/330px-Paranarivermap.png)
The Ituzaingó Formation was first described by De Alba in 1953 and later by Herbst in 1971.[2] The up to 150 metres (490 ft), but in most areas between 10 and 20 metres (33 and 66 ft) thick formation is found in an area of 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi),[3] stretching from the Paraná River to 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Tostado.[4] The Ituzaingó Formation crops out in the northeasternmost part of Argentina (Mesopotamia), in the provinces of Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, among other locations along the banks of the Paraná River.[5]
Stratigraphy
The formation overlies the marine Paraná Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Puerto Alvear,[6] Hernandarías and Yupoí Formations of Early Pleistocene (Uquian and Ensenadan respectively) age.[5][7][8] At the shores of the Paraná River, the formation underlies the Timbúes Formation.[9] In certain places along the same river, the formation cuts into the underlying Rosario Formation.[10]
The formation contains a basal conglomeratic member "Conglomerado osífero" (bony conglomerate) with abundant vertebrate remains.[11] This conglomerate is overlain by almost unfossiliferous whitish to yellow brown sandstones and green mudstones. The Ituzaingó Formation (as Entre Ríos Formation) was correlated with the Puelches Formation of the subsurface of Buenos Aires Province. According to the mammals occurring in the conglomerate and the stratigraphic relationships, the age of the base of Ituzaingo Formation is almost exclusively Tortonian (Late Miocene) or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification.[12]
Depositional environment
The formation, as the Paraná and Puelches Formations, has been deposited in a vast Miocene tidal flat environment.[13] Both the terrestrial and freshwater fauna of the Ituzaingó Formation indicates a climate warmer than present. The freshwater vertebrate record suggests important basin connections with Amazonian basins.[11]
Alternatively, the Conglomerado Osífero Member has been interpreted as tide-dominated fluvial channels, pertaining to the marine Paraná Formation.[14]
Fossil content
The Ituzaingó Formation has provided a large variety of fossils, of various groups, from mammals to birds and reptiles to fish and flora. The terrestrial fauna is predominant while a few marine genera are also present.[15] The presence of typical Amazonian freshwater fish and absence of austral fauna in both the underlying Paraná and the Ituzaingó Formation suggests a connection with northern areas of South America. The faunas has been correlated to the older Miocene faunas of the Honda Group at La Venta in Colombia, the Urumaco Formation at Urumaco in Venezuela and the Pebas Formation of the Amazon region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.[16] Several ground sloth genera present in the Ituzaingó Formation are endemic from this unit, whereas other are also present in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation of Buenos Aires Province, the Andalhuala and Corral Quemado Formations of Catamarca Province, and the Toro Negro Formation of La Rioja Province.[17]
Birds
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andalgalornis | A. steulleti | ![]() | [18][19] [20] | |||
Devincenzia | D. pozzi | |||||
Macranhinga | M. paranensis | |||||
M. ranzii | ||||||
Palaelodus | P. cf. ambiguus | |||||
Rhea | R. (Pterocnemia) mesopotamica | |||||
Megapaloelodus | M. sp. | |||||
Phoenicopteridae | Indeterminate. | |||||
Phorusrhacidae | Indetermidate. | |||||
Rallidae | Indeterminate. | |||||
Rheidae | Indeterminate. |
Mammals
Chiroptera
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eumysops | E. parodii | [12][18] [21] | ||||
Notictis | N. ortizi |
Cetaceans
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saurocetes | S. gigas | [22] | ||||
Iniidae indet. |
Litopterns
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brachytherium | B. cuspidatum | [12][18] [21] | ||||
Cullinia | C. sp. | |||||
Diadiaphorus | D. paranensis | ![]() | ||||
Neobrachytherium | N. ameghinoi | |||||
Oxyodontherium | O. piramydatus | |||||
O. zeballosi | ||||||
Paranauchenia | P. denticulata | |||||
Promacrauchenia | P. antiqua | |||||
Proterotherium | P. cervioides | |||||
Scalabrinitherium | S. bravardi | |||||
S. rothii |
Marsupials
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philander | P. entrerianus | |||||
Chironectes | C. sp. | |||||
Zygolestes | Z. paranensis |
Sparassodonts
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thylacosmilus | T. atrox | ![]() | [23][24] | |||
Stylocynus | S. paranensis |
Rodents
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Briaromys | B. trouessartianus | [22] | ||||
Cardiatherium | C. paranense | |||||
Carlesia | C. pendolai | |||||
Diaphoromys | D. compressidens | |||||
D. gamayensis | ||||||
D. mesopotamicus | ||||||
Doellomys | D. parcus | |||||
Eumegamys | E. contortus | |||||
E. dubius | ||||||
E. scalabrinianus | ||||||
E. paranensis | ||||||
Eumegamysops | E. praependens | |||||
Gyriabrus | G. glutinatus | |||||
G. holmbergi | ||||||
G. indivisus | ||||||
G. rebagliattii | ||||||
Haplostropha | H. sacabriniana | |||||
Isostylomys | I. ameghinoi | |||||
I. laurillardi | ||||||
Lagostomopsis | L. antiquus | |||||
L. pallidens | ||||||
Myocastor | M. obesus | |||||
M. paranensis | ||||||
M. sinuata | ||||||
Neoepiblema | N. ambrosettianus | |||||
N. horridula | ||||||
Olenopsis | O. typicus | |||||
Paradoxomys | P. cancrivorus | |||||
Pentastylodon | P. racedi | |||||
Pentastylomys | P. seriei | |||||
Perimys | P. scalabrinianus | |||||
Phoberomys | P. burmeisteri | |||||
P. insolita | ||||||
P. lozanoi | ||||||
P. minima | ||||||
P. praecursor | ||||||
Phugatherium | P. cataclisticum | |||||
Potamarchus | P. murinus | |||||
P. sigmodon | ||||||
Protabrocoma | P. paranensis | |||||
Protomegamys | P. coligatus | |||||
Pseudosigmomys | P. paranensis | |||||
Rusconia | R. crassidens | |||||
Strophostephanos | S. jheringi | |||||
Telodontomys | T. compressidens | |||||
Tetrastylomys | T. castellanosi | |||||
Tetrastylus | T. aguilari | |||||
T. diffusus | ||||||
T. laevigatus | ||||||
T. robustus | ||||||
T. (Protelicomys) atavus | ||||||
Anatochoerus | ||||||
Anchimysops | A. sp. | |||||
Cardiatherium | ||||||
Cardiomys | ||||||
Caviodon | ||||||
Colpostemma sp. | ||||||
Contracavia | ||||||
Kiyutherium | ||||||
Paleocavia | ||||||
Parodimys | ||||||
Plexochoerus | ||||||
Pliodolichotis | ||||||
Procardiatherium | ||||||
Prodolichotis | ||||||
Protohydrochoerus |
Toxodonts
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adinotherium | ?A. paranense | ![]() | [12][18] [21] | |||
?Berroia | ?B. sp. | |||||
Dilobodon | D. lutarius | |||||
Dinotoxodon | D. paranensis | |||||
Eutomodus | E. elautus | |||||
Haplodontherium | H. limun | |||||
Palaeotoxodon | P. paranensis | |||||
?P. protoburmeisteri | ||||||
?P. virgatus | ||||||
Stenotephanos | S. plicidens | |||||
Toxodontherium | T.compressum | |||||
T. reverendum | ||||||
Xotodon | X. doellojuradi | ![]() | ||||
X. foricurvatus |
Typotheres
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Munyizia | M. paranensis | [12][18] [21] | ||||
Protypotherium | P. antiquum | |||||
Trachytypotherium | T. sp. |
Xenarthrans
Cingulates
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berthawyleria | B. sp. | [23][24] | ||||
Chasicotatus | C. spinozai | |||||
Chlamyphractus | C. pressulus | |||||
Comaphorus | C. concisus | A dubious glyptodont. | ||||
Dasypus | D. neogarus | Relatives of nine-banded armadillos. | ||||
Eleutherocercus | E. paranensis | A glyptodont. | ![]() | |||
Kraglievichia | K. paranense | ![]() | ||||
Macroeuphractus | M. retusus | |||||
Palaehoplophorus | P. antiquus | |||||
Paraglyptodon | P. paranensis | |||||
Parahoplophorus | P. paranensis | |||||
Plohophorus | P. paranensis | |||||
Proeuphractus | P. limpidus | |||||
Protoglyptodon | P. primiformis | |||||
Pseudoeuryurus | P. lelongianus | |||||
Scirrotherium | S. carinatum | |||||
Trachycalyptus | ?T. cingulatus | |||||
Urotherium | U. interundatum | |||||
Zaedyus | ?Z. sp. |
Ground sloths
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphiocnus | A. paranense | [18][12] [21] [25][26] [27][28] [29][30] | ||||
Eomegatherium | E. nanum | |||||
Megabradys | M. darwini | |||||
Megalonychops | M. primigenius | |||||
Mesopotamocnus | M. brevirostrum | |||||
Neohapalops | N. rothi | |||||
Octomylodon | O. aversus | |||||
Ortotherium | O. laticurvatum | |||||
O. robustum | ||||||
O. schlosseri | ||||||
O. scrofum | ||||||
O. seneum | ||||||
Paranabradys | P. vucetichae | |||||
Pliomegatherium | P. lelongi | |||||
Pliomorphus | P. ameghinoi | |||||
P. gracilis | ||||||
P. mutilatus | ||||||
P. robustus | ||||||
Prolestodon | P. antiquus | |||||
P. paranensis | ||||||
Promegatherium | P. parvulum | |||||
P. smaltatum | ||||||
Promylodon | P. paranensis | |||||
Pronothrotherium | P. mirabilis | ![]() | ||||
Protomegalonyx | P. doellojuradoi | |||||
P. praecursor | ||||||
Pyramiodontherium | P. sp. | |||||
Ranculcus | R. scalabrinianus | |||||
Scelidotheriidae | Indeterminate. | |||||
Sphenotherus | S. paranensis | |||||
Strabosodon | S. acuticavus | |||||
S. obtusicavus | ||||||
Torcellia | T. paranense |
Other Mammals
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyonasua | C. Argentina |
Reptiles
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caiman | C. australis | [12][18] [31] | ||||
C. cf. yacare | ![]() | |||||
C. gasparinae | ||||||
C. latriostris | ![]() | |||||
C. lutescens | ||||||
C. yacare | ||||||
Gryposuchus | G. neogaeus | |||||
Mourasuchus | M. arendsi | |||||
Tupinambis | T. cf. merianae | ![]() | ||||
Parahydraspis | P. paranaensis | |||||
Phrynops | P. cf. geoffroanus | |||||
Testudo | T. paranensis |
Fish
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colossoma | C. macropomum | ![]() | [12][18] [32][33] | |||
Megapiranha | M. paranensis | |||||
Potamotrygon | P. motoro | ![]() | [34] | |||
Squatina | S. dumeril | ![]() | [34] | |||
Phractocephalus | P. ivy | [35] [12][18] | ||||
Cynodontidae | Indetermidate. |
Invertebrates
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protelphidium | P. tuberculatum | [36] | ||||
Ostrea | O. sp. |
Microflora
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anadenantheroxylon | A. villaurquicense | [37][38] [39][40] [41][42] | ||||
Astroniumxylon | A. bonplandianum | |||||
A. parabalansae | ||||||
Curtiembreoxylon | C. poledrii | |||||
Gleditsioxylon | G. paramorphoides | |||||
Guadua | G. morronei | |||||
G. zuloagae | ||||||
Laurinoxylon | L. artabeae | |||||
Mangroveoxylon | M.areniensis | |||||
Menendoxylon | M. vasallensis | |||||
Microlobiusxylon | M. paranaensis | |||||
Maytenoxylon | M. sp. | |||||
Mimosoxylon | M. sp. | |||||
Palmoxylon | P. yuqueriense | |||||
Prosopisinoxylon | P. americanum | |||||
Prumnopityoxylon | P. gnaedingerae | |||||
Ruprechtioxylon | R. breae | |||||
Scalarixylon | S. sp. | |||||
Schinopsixylon | S. heckii | |||||
Soroceaxylon | S. entrerriensis | |||||
Syagrus | S. sp. | |||||
Uruguaianoxylon | U. striata |
Icnofossils
Taxa | Species | Presence | Abundance | Description | Images | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arenicolites | [36] |
Huayquerian correlations
Formation | Cerro Azul | Ituzaingó | Paraná | Camacho | Raigón | Andalhuala | Chiquimil | Las Flores | Maimará | Palo | Pebas | Muyu | Rosa | Saldungaray | Salicas | Urumaco | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basin | Colorado | Paraná | Hualfín | Tontal | Andes | Salta | Amazon | Huasi | Altiplano | BA | Velasco | Falcón | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Ituzaingó Formation (South America) | ||||
Country | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||
Cardiatherium | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||
Lagostomus | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||
Macroeuphractus | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Proeuphractus | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||
Pronothrotherium | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||||
Pseudotypotherium | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Thylacosmilus | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Xotodon | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||
Macraucheniidae | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||
Primates | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||
Rodents | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||
Reptiles | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||
Birds | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||
Terror birds | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Flora | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||||||||
Environments | Aeolian-fluvial | Fluvio-deltaic | Fluvial | Fluvio-lacustrine | Fluvial | Fluvio-lacustrine | Fluvio-deltaic | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||||||||
Volcanic | Yes |
See also
References
- ^ Ituzaingó Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
- ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.28
- ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.29
- ^ a b Franco, 2014, p.16
- ^ Brunetto, 2013, p.22
- ^ Cione et al., 2000, p.195
- ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.3
- ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
- ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.75
- ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.49
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Torra, 2005, p.46
- ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.291
- ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.27
- ^ Cione et al., 2005, p.58
- ^ Brandoni, 2013, p.135
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Noriega & Agnolin, 2008, pp.272-285
- ^ Agnolin & Noriega, 2012
- ^ a b c d e Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Candela, 2005, pp.43–46
- ^ a b Scillato et al., 2013, pp.119–120
- ^ a b Góis et al., 2013, p.177
- ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.430
- ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.431
- ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.14
- ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.16
- ^ Brandoni, 2011, p.36
- ^ Brandoni, 2014, p.34
- ^ Scheyer & Delfino, 2016, p.56
- ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.4
- ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.70
- ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.52
- ^ Azpelicueta & Cione, 2016, p.221
- ^ a b Torra, 2005, p.45
- ^ Franco, 2018, p.646
- ^ Franco, 2014, p.25
- ^ Brea et al., 2013a, pp.45-47
- ^ Brea et al., 2013b, p.4
- ^ Franco & Brea, 2015, p.3
- ^ Moya & Brea, 2020
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Further reading
- Brandoni, Diego; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Miño Boilini, Ángel R.; Favotti, Emmanuel (2016), "Los Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de Argentina: diversidad, evolución y biogeografía" (PDF), Contribuciones del MACN: 263–274, retrieved 2018-10-08
- Croft, Darin A (2016), Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America, Indiana University Press, pp. 1–320, ISBN 9780253020949, retrieved 2018-10-08
- Simpson, George Gaylord (1996), Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, UMI, pp. 1–275, ISBN 9780783733111, retrieved 2018-10-08
- Tambussi, Claudia P.; Degrange, Federico (2012), South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, Springer, pp. 1–113, ISBN 9789400754676, retrieved 2018-10-08