Giovanni II Valente
Giovanni II Valente | |
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3rd Lifetime Doge of the Republic of Genoa | |
In office 9 January 1350 – 8 October 1353 | |
Preceded by | Giovanni I di Murta |
Succeeded by | Position temporarily vacant |
Personal details | |
Born | 1280 Genoa, Republic of Genoa |
Died | 1360 Genoa, Republic of Genoa |
Political party | Popolani |
Giovanni II Valente (Genoa, 1280 – Genoa, 1360) was the third doge of the Republic of Genoa. His time in office was marked by the crushing defeat of the city against the Venetians at the naval Battle of Alghero. Giovanni had already asked to succeed the first doge of the Republic in December 1345 but had turn down the responsibility.[1]
A doge at war
After the death of his predecessor, Giovanni I da Murta, a short crisis of succession ensued. The popolani supported Luchino Fieschi while the patricians and the partisans of the late doge backed his son, Tommaso da Murta. Giovanni Valente finally emerged as a candidate of compromise and was elected on 9 January 1350.[2]
When Valente abandoned the careful foreign policy of his predecessor and tried to expel entirely the Venetians from the Black Sea,[3] the tension between Genoa and Venice erupted into open warfare. Each navy plundered the merchant fleets of the opposing side in the Eastern Mediterranean. Venice formed an alliance with Byzantium and the kingdom of Aragon, forcing the Genoese to seek the support of the Ottomans. On 17 November 1350, to pay for the expenses of the war, the Republic had to levy a forced-loan of 300,000 lire at an interest of 10% from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.[4][5]
On 9 March 1352 the Genoese fleet, under the command of Paganino Doria, won a naval victory against the coalition near Constantinople. The following year, in August, near Alghero, on the island of Sardinia, the Genoese navy, under Antonio de' Grimaldi was crushed by the Venetians.[2]
Resignation
Confronted with the threat of a new civil war breaking out in the city and the prospect of foreign invasion, the council had to call for the support of the Visconti of Milan. The doge lost any executive power and Giovanni Valente had to resign from the dogate on 8 October 1353 and the position became vacant.[2] He died seven years later and may have been buried at the church of San Bartolomeo dell'Olivella in Genoa.
References
- ^ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339-1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 5.
- ^ a b c Giustiniani, Agostino; Giovanni Battista Spotorno; Vincenzo Canepa (1856). Annali della repubblica di Genova. Presso il libraio. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Heyd, Wilhelm (1959). Histoire du commerce du Levant au moyen-âge, vol. I. Adolf M. Hakkert. p. 501. ISBN 9789025608675.
- ^ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339-1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
- ^ Balard, Michel (2003). "Genoese Naval Forces in the Mediterranean during the fifteenth and sixteenth century". In John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger (ed.). War at sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-903-6.
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- t
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- Simone Boccanegra
- Giovanni I di Murta
- Giovanni II Valente
- Gabriele Adorno
- Domenico di Campofregoso
- Antoniotto I Adorno
- Nicolò Guarco
- Federico di Pagana
- Leonardo Montaldo
- Giacomo Fregoso
- Antoniotto di Montaldo
- Pietro Fregoso
- Clemente Promontorio
- Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo
- Niccolo Zoagli
- Antonio Guarco
- Giorgio Adorno
- Barnaba Guano
- Tomaso di Campofregoso
- Isnardo Guarco
- Battista Fregoso I
- Raffaele Adorno
- Barnaba Adorno
- Giano I di Campofregoso
- Lodovico di Campofregoso
- Pietro di Campofregoso
- Prospero Adorno
- Spinetta Fregoso
- Battista Fregoso II
- Paolo di Campofregoso
- Paolo da Novi
- Giano II di Campofregoso
- Ottaviano Fregoso
- Antoniotto II Adorno
- Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari
- Battista Spinola
- Battista Lomellini
- Cristoforo Grimaldi Rosso
- Giovanni Battista Doria
- Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo
- Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta
- Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta
- Giovanni Battista De Fornari
- Benedetto Gentile Pevere
- Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli
- Luca Spinola
- Giacomo Promontorio
- Agostino Pinelli Ardimenti
- Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo
- Girolamo Vivaldi
- Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi
- Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoagli
- Giovanni Battista Lercari
- Ottavio Gentile Oderico
- Simone Spinola
- Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia
- Giannotto Lomellini
- Giacomo Grimaldi Durazzo
- Prospero Centurione Fattinanti
- Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo
- Nicolò Doria
- Gerolamo De Franchi Toso
- Gerolamo Chiavari
- Ambrogio Di Negro
- Davide Vacca
- Battista Negrone
- Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi
- Antonio Grimaldi Cebà
- Matteo Senarega
- Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà
- Lorenzo Sauli
- Agostino Doria
- Pietro De Franchi Sacco
- Luca Grimaldi De Castro
- Silvestro Invrea
- Gerolamo Assereto
- Agostino Pinelli Luciani
- Alessandro Giustiniani Longo
- Tomaso Spinola
- Bernardo Clavarezza
- Giovanni Giacomo Imperiale Tartaro
- Pietro Durazzo
- Ambrogio Doria
- Giorgio Centurione
- Federico De Franchi Toso
- Giacomo Lomellini
- Giovanni Luca Chiavari
- Andrea Spinola
- Leonardo Della Torre
- Giovanni Stefano Doria
- Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale
- Agostino Pallavicini
- Giovanni Battista Durazzo
- Giovanni Agostino De Marini
- Giovanni Battista Lercari
- Luca Giustiniani
- Giovanni Battista Lomellini
- Giacomo De Franchi Toso
- Agostino Centurione
- Gerolamo De Franchi Toso
- Alessandro Spinola
- Giulio Sauli
- Giovanni Battista Centurione
- Gian Bernardo Frugoni
- Antoniotto Invrea
- Stefano De Mari
- Cesare Durazzo
- Cesare Gentile
- Francesco Garbarino
- Alessandro Grimaldi
- Agostino Saluzzo
- Antonio Da Passano
- Giannettino Odone
- Agostino Spinola
- Luca Maria Invrea
- Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari
- Pietro Durazzo
- Luca Spinola
- Oberto Della Torre
- Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta
- Francesco Invrea
- Bendinelli Negrone
- Francesco Maria Sauli
- Girolamo De Mari
- Federico De Franchi Toso
- Antonio Grimaldi
- Stefano Onorato Ferretti
- Domenico Maria De Mari
- Vincenzo Durazzo
- Francesco Maria Imperiale
- Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani
- Lorenzo Centurione
- Benedetto Viale
- Ambrogio Imperiale
- Cesare De Franchi Toso
- Domenico Negrone
- Gerolamo Veneroso
- Luca Grimaldi
- Francesco Maria Balbi
- Domenico Maria Spinola
- Stefano Durazzo
- Nicolò Cattaneo Della Volta
- Costantino Balbi
- Nicolò Spinola
- Domenico Canevaro
- Lorenzo De Mari
- Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale
- Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta
- Agostino Viale
- Stefano Lomellini
- Giovanni Battista Grimaldi
- Gian Giacomo Veneroso
- Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi
- Matteo Franzoni
- Agostino Lomellini
- Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale
- Francesco Maria Della Rovere
- Marcello Durazzo
- Giovanni Battista Negrone
- Giovanni Battista Cambiaso
- Ferdinando Spinola
- Pier Francesco Grimaldi
- Brizio Giustiniani
- Giuseppe Lomellini
- Giacomo Maria Brignole
- Marco Antonio Gentile
- Giovanni Battista Ayroli
- Gian Carlo Pallavicino
- Raffaele Agostino De Ferrari
- Alerame Maria Pallavicini
- Michelangelo Cambiaso
- Giuseppe Maria Doria
- Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time)