Descendants of Henry IV of France
Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois, at the death of Henry III of France.
His descendants are varied and numerous. Some of his descendants are Juan Carlos of Spain, Franz, Duke of Bavaria, Diana, Princess of Wales, actress Brooke Shields and singer and actress Jane Birkin. He had six children with his wife Marie de' Medici and also had at least eleven illegitimate children with his many mistresses. This article deals with each of his legitimate children and their respective descendants.
Life, background and pedigree
Life and claim to the French Throne
Henri de Bourbon was born in Pau, the capital of the French province of Béarn.[1] Although baptised as a Roman Catholic, Henry was raised as a Protestant by his mother Jeanne d’Albret. On 9 June 1572, upon Jeanne's death, he became King Henry III of Navarre.[2]
When Henry was a boy, it seemed highly unlikely that he would ever inherit the throne of France, since Henry II had produced four surviving sons. However, his male-line pedigree gave him a special place of honour in the French nobility, since all sons of the Bourbon line were acknowledged as the princes of the blood. As the senior male representative of that line, Henry was officially the First Prince of the Blood.
Henry of Navarre became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death in 1584 of François, Duke of Alençon, brother and heir presumptive of the Catholic King Henry III. Because of Henry's status as the Prince du Sang, Henry III had no choice but to recognise him as the legitimate successor. The Salic law disinherited the king's sisters and all others who could claim descent by the distaff line. He was then the closest relative of the king in the legitimate male line, and as such the next senior-most representative of the House of Capet after the king himself. Catherine de Medici, the King's mother, had attempted to unite Valois and Bourbon interests. In 1572, by which time only two of her sons remained alive, she brokered a marriage between her daughter Marguerite of Valois and Henry.
On the death of Henry III on 2 August 1589, Henri of Navarre nominally became the King of France. But the powerful Catholic League, strengthened by support from Spain, forced him to the south and he had to set about winning his kingdom by military conquest, aided by money and troops bestowed by Protestant England. This set off the War of the Three Henries phase of the French Wars of Religion. The League proclaimed Henry's Catholic uncle Charles, the Cardinal de Bourbon, king as Charles X, but the Cardinal himself was Henry's prisoner. Henry was victorious at Ivry and Arques, but failed to take Paris.
With the encouragement of the great love of his life, Gabrielle d'Estrées, on 25 July 1593 Henry declared that Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a mass") and permanently renounced Protestantism, thus earning him the allegiance of the vast majority of his subjects and the resentment of his former allies. He was crowned King of France at the Cathedral of Chartres on 27 February 1594. In 1598, he declared the Edict of Nantes, which gave circumscribed toleration to the Huguenots. However, this action angered fanatical Catholics, who wanted Protestantism rooted out for good, and could see that Henry had no intention to do so. Therefore, in 1610, Henry was assassinated by a fanatical Catholic, François Ravaillac.[3]
Pedigree
Maternal ancestry
Jean d'Albret, Vicomte de Tartas | |||||||||||||||||||
Alain I of Albret | |||||||||||||||||||
Catherine de Rohan | |||||||||||||||||||
John III of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
Guillaume de Châtillon de Blois, Vicomte de Limoges, Seigneur d'Avesnes | |||||||||||||||||||
Françoise of Châtillon-Limoges | |||||||||||||||||||
Isabelle de La Tour d'Auvergne | |||||||||||||||||||
Henry II of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
Gaston IV, Comte de Foix | |||||||||||||||||||
Gaston of Foix, Prince of Viana | |||||||||||||||||||
Eleanor of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
Catherine I of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
Charles VII of France | |||||||||||||||||||
Magdalena of Valois | |||||||||||||||||||
Marie d'Anjou, Queen of France | |||||||||||||||||||
Jeanne III of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
Louis, Duc d'Orléans | |||||||||||||||||||
John, Count of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
Valentina Visconti | |||||||||||||||||||
Charles, Count of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
Alain IX de Rohan, Vicomte de Rohan et de Leon | |||||||||||||||||||
Marguerite de Rohan | |||||||||||||||||||
Marguerite of Brittany, Dame de Guillac | |||||||||||||||||||
Marguerite of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
Louis, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
Philip II, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
Anne de Lusignan | |||||||||||||||||||
Louise of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
Charles I, Duke of Bourbon | |||||||||||||||||||
Margaret of Bourbon | |||||||||||||||||||
Agnes of Burgundy | |||||||||||||||||||
Paternal ancestry
16. Louis, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
8. John VIII, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
17. Jeanne de Laval | |||||||||||||||||||
4. François, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
18. Louis de Beauvau, Seneschal of Anjou | |||||||||||||||||||
9. Isabelle de Beauvau | |||||||||||||||||||
19. Marguerite de Chambley | |||||||||||||||||||
2. Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
20. Louis, Count of Saint-Pol | |||||||||||||||||||
10. Peter II, Count of Saint-Pol | |||||||||||||||||||
21. Jeanne de Bar | |||||||||||||||||||
5. Marie de Luxembourg | |||||||||||||||||||
22. Louis, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
11. Margaret of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
23. Anne of Cyprus | |||||||||||||||||||
1. Antoine of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
24. John I of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
12. John II of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
25. Marie of Brittany | |||||||||||||||||||
6. René of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
26. Jean IV d'Armagnac | |||||||||||||||||||
13. Marie of Armagnac | |||||||||||||||||||
27. Isabella de Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
3. Françoise of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
28. Antoine of Vaudémont | |||||||||||||||||||
14. Frederick II of Vaudémont | |||||||||||||||||||
29. Marie d'Harcourt | |||||||||||||||||||
7. Margaret of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
30. René of Anjou | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
31. Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
King Louis IX (Saint Louis) (1214/1215 – 1270)
Robert, Count of Clermont (1256–1317), brother of King Philip III
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (1279–1342), 1st cousin of King Philip IV
James I, Count of La Marche (1315–1362), 2nd cousin of kings Louis X, Philip V, Charles IV, and Philip VI
John I, Count of La Marche (1344–1393), 3rd cousin of kings John I Posthumus and John II
Louis, Count of Vendôme (1376–1446), 4th cousin of King Charles V
François, Count of Vendôme (1470–1495), 6th cousin of King Charles VII
Charles IV, Duke of Bourbon (1489–1537), 7th cousin of kings Louis XI and Louis XII
Antoine de Bourbon (1518–1562), 8th cousin of kings Charles VIII and Francis I
Henry IV was the 9th cousin of King Henry II,
and the 9th cousin once removed of kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III
Legitimate issue by Marie de' Medici
Children
Name | Portrait | Birth | Death | Marriages and issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Louis XIII, King of France | 27 September 1601 | 14 May 1643 | Married Anne of Austria in 1615 Had issue | |
Elizabeth, Queen of Spain | 22 November 1602 | 6 October 1644 | Married Philip IV, King of Spain in 1615 Had issue | |
Christine Marie, Duchess of Savoy | 10 February 1606 | 27 December 1663 | Married Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy in 1619 Had issue | |
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England | 25 November 1609 | 10 September 1669 | Married Charles I, King of England in 1625 Had issue | |
Gaston d'Orléans | 25 April 1608 | 2 February 1660 | Married (1) Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier in 1626 Married (2) Margaret of Lorraine in 1632 Had issue |
Descendants of Louis XIII of France
Senior agnatic descendants Louis XIV of France
Senior agnatic descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans
Descendants of Elisabeth of France
Name of descendant | Portrait | Birth | Marriages and issue | Death | Miscellaneous |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias 1644–1646 | 17 October 1629, son of Philip IV of Spain and Elisabeth of France | Never Married | 9 October 1646 (aged 16) | ||
Marie Thérèse, Queen of France 1646–1683 | 10 September 1638, daughter of Philip IV of Spain and Elisabeth of France | Louis XIV of France 6 children | 30 July 1683 (aged 44) | ||
Louis, Dauphin of France 1683–1711 | 1 November 1661, son of Maria Theresa of Spain and Louis XIV of France | Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 3 children | 14 April 1711 (aged 49) | ||
Louis, Duke of Burgundy 1711–1712 | 16 August 1682, son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Anna of Bavaria | Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 3 children | 18 February 1712 (aged 30) | ||
Louis, Duke of Brittany 1712 | 8 January 1707 son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy | never married | 8 March 1712 aged 5 | ||
Louis XV of France 1712—1774 | 15 February 1710, son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy | Marie Leszczyńska 10 children | 10 May 1774 (aged 64) | ||
Louis, Dauphin of France | 4 September 1729, son of Louis XV of France and Marie Leszczyńska | Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain 1 child Maria Josepha of Saxony 8 children | 20 December 1765 (aged 36) | ||
Louis XVI of France 1774—1793 | 23 August 1754, son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony | Marie Antoinette 4 children | 21 January 1793 (aged 38) | ||
Louis XVII of France 1793–1795 | 27 March 1785 Palace of Versailles son of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette | never married | 8 June 1795 Paris Temple (aged 10) | ||
Marie Thérèse of France 1795–1851 | 19 December 1778 Château de Versailles daughter of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette | Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême no children | 19 October 1851 Kostanjevica Monastery, Nova Gorica, Slovenia (aged 72) | ||
Charles X of France | 9 October 1757, son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony | Marie Thérèse of Savoy 3 children | 6 November 1836 (aged 79) | ||
Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry | 24 January 1778 Palace of Versailles son of Charles X of France and Marie Thérèse of Savoy | Princess Caroline of Naples 1816 4 children | 14 February 1820 Paris (aged 42) | ||
Henri, Count of Chambord 1851–1883 | 29 September 1820 Tuileries Palace son of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry and Caroline Ferdinande Louise of Two Sicilies | Marie Thérèse of Austria-Este November 1846 No children | 24 August 1883 Gorizia (aged 63) | ||
Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois | 21 September 1819 Élysée Palace, Paris daughter of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry and Caroline Ferdinande Louise of Two Sicilies | Charles III, Duke of Parma 1849 4 children | 1 February 1864 Kostanjevica Monastery, Nova Gorica, Slovenia (aged 44) | ||
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1883–1907 | 9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois | Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 1884 12 children | 16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 63 | ||
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907–1939 | 13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | never married | 16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66 | ||
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939–1950 | 30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | never married | 7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75 | ||
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950–1959 | 23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children | 27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79 | ||
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959–1974 | 7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria | never married | 25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65 | ||
Elisabetta of Bourbon-Parma 1974–1983 | 17 March 1904 Vienna daughter of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria | never married | 13 June 1983 Bad Ischl aged 79 | ||
Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria 1983–2017 | 13 November 1917 Vienna daughter of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria | Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria 30 November 1901 3 children | 28 March 2017 Madrid aged 99 | ||
Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria 2017–present | 16 October 1968 Madrid son of Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria and Anne of Orléans | Sofía Landaluce y Melgarejo 30 March 2001 7 children |
Descendants of Christine of France
Descendants of Henrietta Maria of France
Descendants of Gaston d'Orléans
See also
- House of Bourbon
- Marie de' Medici
- House of Medici
- House of Stuart
- Descendants of Louis XIV of France
- Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
- Descendants of Philip V of Spain
- Descendants of Charles III of Spain
References
- ^ de La Croix, 175.
- ^ Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson and David L. Bongard, The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography, (Castle Books, 1995), 326.
- ^ Baird, Henry M., The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre, Vol. 2, (Charles Scribner's Sons:New York, 1886), 486.
- ^ See genealogical table in Baumgartner, France in the Sixteenth Century.
- ^ "Stuart, James Francis Edward, Duke of Cornwall". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data:University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Stuart, Charles Edward Louis Casimer, Prince of Wales". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data: University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Stuart, Henry Benedict Thomas Maria, Duke of York". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data:University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
External links
- Rubens cycle of paintings apotheosizing Marie de' Medici Definitive statements of Baroque art.
- Maritime Museum[permanent dead link]
- Drawing by Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert the entrance of Maria de Medici in Amsterdam
- Festival Books