Culebra Formation

Culebra Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aquitanian-Burdigalian (Late Arikareean-Hemingfordian) 23–19 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Formation
Sub-units	Emperador Limestone
Underlies	Cucaracha Formation
Overlies	Las Cascadas Formation
Thickness	> 250 m (820 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, limestone, mudstone, shale
Other	Siltstone, conglomerate, lignite
Location
Coordinates	Culebra Formation (Panama)

The Culebra Formation (Tcb)^[1] is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene period; Early Miocene epoch, Aquitanian to Burdigalian stages (Late Arikareean to Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification).^[2] Fossils of Culebrasuchus have been found in and named after the formation.^[3] The thickness of the formation is at least 250 metres (820 ft) thick,^[4] and the age has been estimated as from 23 to 19 Ma.^[5]

Fossil content

References

^ Geologic Map, 1980
^ Culebra Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b Culebrasuchus at Fossilworks.org
^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.7
^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.11
^ Hastings et al., 2013
^ Vélez Juarbe & Wood, 2019
^ Landau et al., 2016
^ Silvestro, 2017, p.14
^ Panamacebus at Fossilworks.org
^ Rincón et al., 2015
^ Cadena et al., 2012, p.549

Bibliography

Cadena, E.; Bourque, J.R.; Rincón, A.F.; Bloch, J.I.; Jaramillo, C.A.; MacFadden, B.J. (2012), "New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (3): 539–557, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..539C, doi:10.1666/11-106.1, retrieved 2019-02-09
Alexander K. Hastings; Jonathan I. Bloch; Carlos A. Jaramillo; Aldo F. Rincon; Bruce J. Macfadden (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239–263. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..239H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. S2CID 83972694.
Kirby, Michael Xavier; Jones, Douglas S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2008), "Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula", PLoS ONE, 3 (7): 1–14, Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2791K, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002791, PMC 2464738, PMID 18665219
Bernard Manuel Landau; Carlos Marques da Silva; Antoine Heitz (2016). "Systematics of the gastropods of the lower-middle Miocene Cantaure Formation, Paraguaná Peninsula, Venezuela" (PDF). Bulletins of American Paleontology. 389–390: 1–581. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
Aldo F. Rincon; Jonathan I. Bloch; Bruce J. Macfadden & Carlos A. Jaramillo (2015). "New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e970688. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0688R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.970688. S2CID 12659384.
Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2017), "Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data" (PDF), BioRxiv: 1–32, retrieved 2017-09-24
Stewart, R.H.; Stewart, J.L.; Woodring, W.P. (1980), Geologic Map of the Panama Canal and Vicinity (PDF), USGS, p. 1, retrieved 2019-02-09
Vélez Juarbe, Jorge; Wood, Aaron R. (2019), "An early Miocene dugongine (Sirenia: Dugongidae) from Panama", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1511799 (5): Online edition, doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1511799, retrieved 2019-02-22
Woodring, W.P (1957), Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining Parts of Panama - 306A Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) (PDF), USGS, pp. 1–186, retrieved 2019-02-09