Calcium titanate
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Other names calcium titanium oxide | |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.795 |
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Properties | |
Chemical formula | CaTiO3 |
Molar mass | 135.943 g/mol |
Appearance | white powder |
Density | 4.1 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 1,975 °C (3,587 °F; 2,248 K) |
Boiling point | 3,000 °C (5,430 °F; 3,270 K) |
Solubility in water | insoluble |
Hazards | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | >1200 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 93.64 J/mol·K [1] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1660.630 kJ/mol [1] |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) | -1575.256 kJ/mol [1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references |
Calcium titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaTiO3. As a mineral, it is called perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist, L. A. Perovski (1792-1856). It is a colourless, diamagnetic solid, although the mineral is often coloured owing to impurities.
Synthesis
CaTiO3 can be prepared by the combination of CaO and TiO2 at temperatures >1300 °C. Sol-gel processes has been used to make a more pure substance, as well as lowering the synthesis temperature. These compounds synthesized are more compressible due to the powders from the sol-gel process as well and bring it closer to its calculated density (~4.04 g/ml).[2]
Structure
Calcium titanate is obtained as orthorhombic crystals, more specifically perovskite structure.[3] In this motif, the Ti(IV) centers are octahedral and the Ca2+ centers occupy a cage of 12 oxygen centres. Many useful materials adopt related structures, e.g. barium titanate or variations of the structure, e.g. yttrium barium copper oxide.[citation needed]
Applications
Calcium titanate has relatively little value except as one of the ores of titanium, together with several others. It is reduced to give titanium metal or ferrotitanium alloys.[4]
See also
- Perovskite
- Perovskite (structure)
- Perovskite solar cell
References
- ^ a b c Robie, R. A.; Hemmingway, B. S.; Fisher, J. R. (1978). "Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar pressure and at higher temperature" (PDF). Geol. Surv. Bull.: 1452. Bibcode:1978BUSGS.....1452R. doi:10.3133/b1452.
- ^ Dunn, Bruce; Zink, Jeffrey I. (September 2007). "Sol–Gel Chemistry and Materials". Accounts of Chemical Research. 40 (9): 729. doi:10.1021/ar700178b. PMID 17874844.
- ^ Buttner, R. H.; Maslen, E. N. (1 October 1992). "Electron difference density and structural parameters in CaTiO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 48 (5): 644–649. doi:10.1107/S0108768192004592.
- ^ Sibum, Heinz; Güther, Volker; Roidl, Oskar; Habashi, Fathi; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2000). "Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_095. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
External links
- Crystal structure of CaTiO3
- v
- t
- e
- CaH2
- CaF2
- CaCl2
- Ca(ClO)2
- Ca(ClO3)2
- Ca(ClO4)2
- CaBr2
- Ca(BrO3)2
- CaI2
- Ca(IO3)2
- CaICl
- CaC2
- Ca(CN)2
- CaCN2
- CaCO3
- Ca(HCO3)2
- CaSi
- CaSi2
- Ca2SiO4
- Ca3(BO3)2
- CaAl2O4
- Ca3Al2O6
- Ca(MnO4)2
- CaCrO4
- CaTiO3
- CaC2O4
- Ca(HCO2)2
- Ca(CH3CO2)2
- Ca(C3H5O2)2
- CaC4H2O4
- Ca3(C6H5O7)2
- C3H7CaO6P
- Ca(C6H5O5S)2
- Ca(C6H7O6)2
- C10H11CaN4O8P
- CaC10H12O4N5PO4
- C10H16CaN2O8
- C12H22CaO14
- C14H26CaO16
- C18H32CaO19
- C36H70CaO4
- C24H40B2CaO24