Bismuth(III) iodide

Bismuth(III) iodide
Names




IUPAC name Bismuth(III) iodide
Other names Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-64-6^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	21172753
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.207
EC Number	232-127-4
PubChem CID	111042
UNII	BGX9X3FOLL^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3064853
InChI InChI=1/Bi.3HI.3H/h;31H;;;/q+3;;;;;;/p-3/rBiH3.3HI/h1H3;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: HXTWPIJUKIDKIH-ZPTXHWADAA
SMILES [I-].[I-].[I-].[BiH3+3]
Properties
Chemical formula	BiI₃
Molar mass	589.69 g/mol
Appearance	Greenish-black crystals
Density	5.778 g/cm³
Melting point	408.6 °C (767.5 °F; 681.8 K)
Boiling point	542 °C (1,008 °F; 815 K)^[2]
Solubility in water	0.7761 mg/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility product (K_sp)	7.71×10⁻¹⁹^[1]
Solubility	50 g/100 mL ethanol 50 g/100 mL 2 M hydrochloric acid
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−200.5·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Trigonal, hR24
Space group	R-3, No. 148
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 1
Related compounds
Other anions	Bismuth(III) fluoride Bismuth(III) chloride Bismuth(III) bromide
Other cations	Nitrogen triiodide Phosphorus triiodide Antimony triiodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula Bi I₃. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.^[3]^[4]

Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes.^[5]^[6]

Synthesis

Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:^[7]^[8]

2Bi + 3I₂ → 2BiI₃

BiI₃ can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:^[9]

Bi₂O₃(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI₃(s) + 3H₂O(l)

Reactions

Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi³⁺ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.^[10]

Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:^[11]

2 NaI + BiI₃ → Na₂[BiI₅]

Bismuth(III) iodide catalyzes the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Bi(III) is also used in a Barbier type allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such as zinc or magnesium.

References

^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188. ISBN 978-1138561632.
^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, p. 95, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-03
^ "Bismuth iodide", McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, 2003, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005), Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press, p. 40, ISBN 0-7487-7516-1, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002), Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press, pp. 122–6, ISBN 0-7487-6420-8, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Watt, George W.; Hakki, Wafai W.; Choppin, Gregory R. (1953). "Bismuth(III) Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 4. pp. 114–116. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch38. ISBN 978-0-470-13163-3.
^ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press, p. 549, ISBN 0-8493-1573-5, retrieved 2008-06-19
^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 168–70, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-19