Systematik der Schlangen
Die hier dargestellte Systematik der Schlangen listet alle Taxa der Schlangen (Serpentes) bis auf Gattungsebene auf. Die Systematik der Schlangen ist noch Gegenstand der Forschung und ändert sich entsprechend neueren Erkenntnissen noch häufig. Hier wird die Systematik entsprechend der Reptile Database[1][2] wiedergegeben, die auch neuere genetische Untersuchungen mit einbezieht. Die folgenden Kladogramme zeigen die wahrscheinlichen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Überfamilien und Familien innerhalb der Schlangen.
Systematik der Schlangen nach Pyron et al. (2013):[3]
Schlangen |
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Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style |
Systematik der Nattern- und Vipernartigen nach Zaher et al. (2019):[4]
Nattern- und Vipernartige |
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Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style |
In die folgenden Taxa ordnet die Reptile Database zum Stand vom 28. September 2023 insgesamt 4073 einzelne Arten.[5][6]
Überfamilie Acrochordoidea
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arafura_file_snake_%28Acrochordus_arafurae%29_in_captivity.jpg/220px-Arafura_file_snake_%28Acrochordus_arafurae%29_in_captivity.jpg)
Familie Acrochordidae
- Warzenschlangen (Acrochordus)
Überfamilie Uropeltoidea s. l.
Familie Anomochilidae
- Wühlschlangen (Anomochilus)
Familie Cylindrophiidae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cyl_ruffus_061212_2025_tdp.jpg/220px-Cyl_ruffus_061212_2025_tdp.jpg)
- Walzenschlangen (Cylindrophis)
Familie Schildschwänze (Uropeltidae)
- Melanophidium
- Platyplectrurus
- Plectrurus
- Pseudoplectrurus
- Rhinophis
- Teretrurus
- Uropeltis
Überfamilie Pythonoidea s. l.
Familie Spitzkopfpythons (Loxocemidae)
- Spitzkopfpython (Loxocemus)
Familie Pythons (Pythonidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Morelia-viridis.jpg/220px-Morelia-viridis.jpg)
- Südpythons (Antaresia)
- Papuapython (Apodora)
- Schwarzkopfpythons (Aspidites)
- Bothrochilus
- Leiopython
- Wasserpythons (Liasis)
- Malayopython
- Rautenpythons (Morelia)
- Oenpellipython (Nyctophilopython)
- Eigentliche Pythons (Python)
- Amethystpythons (Simalia)
Familie Xenopeltidae
Überfamilie Boaartige (Booidea)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Boa_c.i.jpg/220px-Boa_c.i.jpg)
Familie Boas (Boidae)
Unterfamilie Boaschlangen (Boinae)
- Boas (Boa)
- Chilabothrus
- Hundskopfboas (Corallus)
- Schlankboas (Epicrates)
- Anakondas (Eunectes)
Unterfamilie Zwergboas (Ungaliophiinae)
- Exiliboa
- Bananenboas (Ungaliophis)
Unterfamilie Erycinae
- Sandboas (Eryx)
Unterfamilie Erdpythons (Calabariinae)
- Erdpython (Calabaria)
Unterfamilie Candoiinae
- Pazifik-Boas (Candoia)
Unterfamilie Madagaskarboas (Sanziniinae)
- Madagaskarboas (Acrantophis)
- Sanzinia
Unterfamilie Charininae
- Charina
- Lichanura
Überfamilie Colubroidea
Familie Nattern (Colubridae)
Unterfamilie Ahaetullinae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chrysopelea_paradisi%2C_Paradise_tree_snake_-_Kaeng_Krachan_National_Park_%2840913315223%29.jpg/220px-Chrysopelea_paradisi%2C_Paradise_tree_snake_-_Kaeng_Krachan_National_Park_%2840913315223%29.jpg)
- Peitschennattern (Ahaetulla)
- Schmuckbaumnattern (Chrysopelea)
- Bronzenattern (Dendrelaphis)
- Dryophiops
- Proahaetulla
Unterfamilie Zwergschlangen (Calamariinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Calamaria_gervaisii_%28KU_330084%29_from_1000m%2C_Mt._Cagua_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g079.jpg/220px-Calamaria_gervaisii_%28KU_330084%29_from_1000m%2C_Mt._Cagua_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g079.jpg)
- Eigentliche Zwergschlangen (Calamaria)
- Calamorhabdium
- Collorhabdium
- Etheridgeum
- Gebirgszwergnattern (Macrocalamus)
- Zwergwühlnattern (Pseudorabdion)
- Rabdion
Unterfamilie Eigentliche Nattern (Colubrinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arizona_elegans_occidentalis.jpg/220px-Arizona_elegans_occidentalis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Trans-Pecos_Rat_Snake.jpg/220px-Trans-Pecos_Rat_Snake.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Brown_tree_snake_%28Boiga_irregularis%29_%288387580552%29.jpg/220px-Brown_tree_snake_%28Boiga_irregularis%29_%288387580552%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BennyTrapp_Coronella_girondica.jpg/220px-BennyTrapp_Coronella_girondica.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dispholidus_typus.jpg/220px-Dispholidus_typus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Benny_Trapp_Eirenis_modestus_Samos.jpg/220px-Benny_Trapp_Eirenis_modestus_Samos.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lycodon_laoensis%2C_Khao_Wong_National_Park.jpg/220px-Lycodon_laoensis%2C_Khao_Wong_National_Park.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Opheodrys_aestivusPCCP20030524-0823B.jpg/220px-Opheodrys_aestivusPCCP20030524-0823B.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Plains_black_headed_snake.jpg/220px-Plains_black_headed_snake.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Zamenis_longissimus.jpg/220px-Zamenis_longissimus.jpg)
- Aeluroglena
- Aprosdoketophis
- Archelaphe
- Argyrogena
- Arizonanattern (Arizona)
- Bamanophis
- Nordamerikanische Rattennattern (Bogertophis)
- Nachtbaumnattern (Boiga)
- Cemophora
- Chapinophis
- Chironius
- Coelognathus
- Zornnattern (Coluber)
- Conopsis
- Glattnattern (Coronella)
- Crotaphopeltis
- Afrikanische Eierschlangen (Dasypeltis)
- Waldnattern (Dendrophidion)
- Dipsadoboa
- Dispholidus
- Dolichophis
- Drymarchon
- Rennnattern (Drymobius)
- Drymoluber
- Eirenis
- Kletternattern (Elaphe)
- Euprepiophis
- Hakennasennattern (Ficimia)
- Geagras
- Falsche Kletternattern (Gonyosoma)
- Mexikanische Hakennasennattern (Gyalopion)
- Hapsidophrys
- Hemerophis
- Hemorrhois
- Hierophis
- Königsnattern (Lampropeltis)
- Leptodrymus
- Dünnschlangen (Leptophis)
- Liopeltis
- Wolfszahnnattern (Lycodon)
- Schnauzennattern (Lytorhynchus)
- Macroprotodon
- Masticophis
- Mastigodryas
- Meizodon
- Mopanveldophis
- Muhtarophis
- Kukrinattern (Oligodon)
- Oocatochus
- Grasnattern (Opheodrys)
- Oreocryptophis
- Orientocoluber
- Spitznattern (Oxybelis)
- Palusophis
- Amerikanische Kletternattern (Pantherophis)
- Persiophis
- Philothamnus
- Phrynonax
- Phyllorhynchus
- Gopher-, Kiefern- und Bullennattern (Pituophis)
- Platyceps
- Pseudelaphe
- Pseudoficimia
- Asiatische Rennnattern (Ptyas)
- Rhamnophis
- Rhinobothryum
- Rhinocheilus
- Rhynchocalamus
- Salvadora
- Scaphiophis
- Scolecophis
- Senticolis
- Simophis
- Nordamerikanische Bodenschlangen (Sonora)
- Spalerosophis
- Spilotes
- Stegonotus
- Stenorrhina
- Symphimus
- Sympholis
- Schwarzkopfnattern (Tantilla)
- Tantillita
- Katzennattern (Telescopus)
- Vogelnattern (Thelotornis)
- Schwarze Baumschlangen (Thrasops)
- Toxicodryas
- Lyraschlangen (Trimorphodon)
- Wallaceophis
- Wallophis
- Xenelaphis
- Xyelodontophis
- Zamenis
Unterfamilie Dipsadinae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Alsophis_sanctonum_danforthi.jpg/220px-Alsophis_sanctonum_danforthi.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Boie%27s_Ground_Snake_%28Atractus_badius%29_%2810359041273%29.jpg/220px-Boie%27s_Ground_Snake_%28Atractus_badius%29_%2810359041273%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Diadophis_punctatus_occidentalis_%28Mendocino%29.jpg/220px-Diadophis_punctatus_occidentalis_%28Mendocino%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dipsas_catesbyi_in_Ecuador.jpg/220px-Dipsas_catesbyi_in_Ecuador.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Imantodes_cenchoa_%28Yasuni%29.jpg/220px-Imantodes_cenchoa_%28Yasuni%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ninia_atrata.jpg/220px-Ninia_atrata.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sibon_longifrenis_%28La_Selva_Biological_Station%29.jpg/220px-Sibon_longifrenis_%28La_Selva_Biological_Station%29.jpg)
- Adelphicos
- Adelphostigma
- Alsophis
- Amastridium
- Amnesteophis
- Amnisiophis
- Apographon
- Apostolepis
- Arcanumophis
- Arrhyton
- Atractus
- Baliodryas
- Boiruna
- Borikenophis
- Caaeteboia
- Calamodontophis
- Caraiba
- Wurmnattern (Carphophis)
- Cenaspis
- Cercophis
- Chersodromus
- Chlorosoma
- Mussuranas (Clelia)
- Coniophanes
- Conophis
- Contia
- Coronelaps
- Crisantophis
- Cryophis
- Cubophis
- Ringhalsnattern oder Halsbandnattern (Diadophis)
- Diaphorolepis
- Dibernardia
- Dickkopfnattern oder Schneckensauger (Dipsas)
- Ditaxodon
- Drepanoides
- Dryophylax
- Echinanthera
- Elapomorphus
- Emmochliophis
- Enuliophis
- Enulius
- Falsche Korallenottern (Erythrolamprus)
- Eutrachelophis
- Farancia
- Galvarinus
- Geophis
- Gomesophis
- Haitiophis
- Helicops
- Hakennasennattern (Heterodon)
- Hydrodynastes
- Hydromorphus
- Hydrops
- Nachtschlangen (Hypsiglena)
- Hypsirhynchus
- Ialtris
- Riemennattern oder Riesennattern (Imantodes)
- Incaspis
- Katzenaugennattern (Leptodeira)
- Lioheterophis
- Lygophis
- Magliophis
- Manolepis
- Mesotes
- Mussurana
- Kaffeeschlangen (Ninia)
- Nothopsis
- Omoadiphas
- Oxyrhopus
- Paikwaophis
- Paraphimophis
- Phalotris
- Philodryas
- Phimophis
- Plesiodipsas
- Pliocercus
- Pseudalsophis
- Pseudoboa
- Pseudoeryx
- Pseudoleptodeira
- Psomophis
- Ptychophis
- Rhachidelus
- Rhadinaea
- Rhadinella
- Rhadinophanes
- Rodriguesophis
- Saphenophis
- Südamerikanische Schneckennattern (Sibon)
- Siphlophis
- Sordellina
- Stichophanes
- Synophis
- Tachymenis
- Tachymenoides
- Taeniophallus
- Tantalophis
- Thamnodynastes
- Thermophis
- Tomodon
- Tretanorhinus
- Trimetopon
- Tropidodipsas
- Tropidodryas
- Uromacer
- Urotheca
- Haubennattern (Xenodon)
- Xenopholis
- Xenoxybelis
- Zonateres
Unterfamilie Grayiinae
- Grayia
Unterfamilie Wassernattern (Natricinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hebius_boulengeri%2C_Boulenger%27s_keelback_-_Khao_Khitchakut_National_Park_%2832294919927%29.jpg/220px-Hebius_boulengeri%2C_Boulenger%27s_keelback_-_Khao_Khitchakut_National_Park_%2832294919927%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AD2009Aug07_Natrix_helvetica_01.jpg/220px-AD2009Aug07_Natrix_helvetica_01.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Thamnophis_elegans_terrestris.jpg/220px-Thamnophis_elegans_terrestris.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seminatrix_pygaea.jpg/220px-Seminatrix_pygaea.jpg)
- Afronatrix
- Amphiesma
- Amphiesmoides
- Anoplohydrus
- Aspidura
- Atretium
- Blythia
- Clonophis
- Fowlea
- Haldea
- Hebius
- Helophis
- Herpetoreas
- Hydrablabes
- Hydraethiops
- Iguanognathus
- Isanophis
- Limnophis
- Liodytes
- Natriciteres
- Europäische Wassernattern (Natrix)
- Amerikanische Schwimmnattern (Nerodia)
- Opisthotropis
- Paratapinophis
- Pseudagkistrodon
- Krabbennattern (Regina)
- Rhabdophis
- Rhabdops
- Sahyadriophis
- Seminatrix
- Smithophis
- Storeria
- Strumpfbandnattern (Thamnophis)
- Trachischium
- Trimerodytes
- Tropidoclonion
- Australische Kielschlangen (Tropidonophis)
- Virginia
- Xenochrophis
Unterfamilie Pseudoxenodontinae
- Plagiopholis
- Pseudoxenodon
Unterfamilie Sibynophiinae
- Colubroelaps
- Scaphiodontophis
- Sibynophis
Aktuell in keine Unterfamilie eingeordnet
- Buhoma
- Elapoidis
- Gongylosoma
- Lycognathophis
- Oreocalamus
- Tetralepis
Überfamilie Elapoidea
Familie Erdvipern (Atractaspididae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Homoroselaps_lacteus_grassland_form.jpg/220px-Homoroselaps_lacteus_grassland_form.jpg)
Unterfamilie Aparallactinae
- Amblyodipsas
- Aparallactus
- Chilorhinophis
- Hypoptophis
- Macrelaps
- Poecilopholis
- Polemon
- Xenocalamus
Unterfamilie Atractaspidinae
- Atractaspis
- Homoroselaps
Familie Cyclocoridae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cyclocorus_lineatus_lineatus_%28KU_326690%29_from_Barangay_Dibuluan%2C_San_Mariano_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g081.jpg/220px-Cyclocorus_lineatus_lineatus_%28KU_326690%29_from_Barangay_Dibuluan%2C_San_Mariano_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g081.jpg)
- Cyclocorus
- Hologerrhum
- Levitonius
- Myersophis
- Oxyrhabdium
Familie Lamprophiidae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lineatus.jpg/220px-Lineatus.jpg)
- Alopecion
- Boaedon
- Bofa (mit nur einer Art Bofa erlangeri)
- Bothrolycus
- Bothrophthalmus
- Chamaelycus
- Dendrolycus
- Gonionotophis
- Gracililima
- Hormonotus
- Inyoka
- Hausschlangen (Lamprophis)
- Limaformosa
- Lycodonomorphus
- Wolfsnattern (Lycophidion)
- Mehelya
- Montaspis
- Pseudoboodon
Familie Micrelapidae
- Brachyophis
- Micrelaps
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Prosymna_sundevalli.jpg/220px-Prosymna_sundevalli.jpg)
Familie Prosymnidae
- Prosymna
Familie Psammophiidae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Benny_Trapp_Malpolon_insignitus.jpg/220px-Benny_Trapp_Malpolon_insignitus.jpg)
- Zwerg-Schnabelnasennatter (Dipsina)
- Rindennattern (Hemirhagerrhis)
- Kladirostratus
- Eidechsennattern (Malpolon)
- Mimophis
- Sandrennnattern (Psammophis)
- Schafstecher (Psammophylax)
- Schnabelnasennattern (Rhamphiophis)
Familie Pseudaspididae
- Psammodynastes
- Maulwurfsnatter (Pseudaspis)
- Westliche Kielschlange (Pythonodipsas)
Familie Pseudoxyrhophiidae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Compsophis_laphystius_03.jpg/220px-Compsophis_laphystius_03.jpg)
- Alluaudina
- Amplorhinus
- Brygophis
- Compsophis
- Ditypophis
- Dromicodryas
- Afrikanische Schneckenfresser (Duberria)
- Elapotinus
- Heteroliodon
- Ithycyphus
- Blattnasennattern (Langaha)
- Madagassische Hakennasennattern (Leioheterodon)
- Liophidium
- Liopholidophis
- Lycodryas
- Madagascarophis
- Micropisthodon
- Pararhadinaea
- Parastenophis
- Phisalixella
- Pseudoxyrhopus
- Thamnosophis
Familie Giftnattern (Elapidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mamba_Dendroaspis_angusticeps.jpg/220px-Mamba_Dendroaspis_angusticeps.jpg)
Unterfamilie Elapinae
- Scheinkobras (Aspidelaps)
- Kraits (Bungarus)
- Calliophis
- Mambas (Dendroaspis)
- Afrikanische Strumpfbandottern (Elapsoidea)
- Hemachatus
- Hemibungarus
- Leptomicrurus
- Micruroides
- Korallenottern (Micrurus)
- Echte Kobras (Naja)
- Ophiophagus
- Waldkobras (Pseudohaje)
- Sinomicrurus
- Wüstenkobras (Walterinnesia)
Terrestrische Giftnattern Australasiens werden in der Regel der Unterfamilie der Hydrophiinae zugeordnet.
Unterfamilie Seeschlangen (Hydrophiinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Emydocephalus_annulatus.png/220px-Emydocephalus_annulatus.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Neelapsbimaculatuseuankettle.jpg/220px-Neelapsbimaculatuseuankettle.jpg)
- Aipysurus
- Schildkrötenköpfige Seeschlangen (Emydocephalus)
- Ephalophis
- Hydrelaps
- Ruderschlangen (Hydrophis)
- Narophis
- Parahydrophis
Terrestrische Hydrophiinae Australasiens:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Acanthophis_laevis.jpg/220px-Acanthophis_laevis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lowland_Copperhead_%28Austrelaps_superbus%29_%289284112768%29.jpg/220px-Lowland_Copperhead_%28Austrelaps_superbus%29_%289284112768%29.jpg)
- Todesottern (Acanthophis)
- Antaioserpens
- Aspidomorphus
- Australische Kupferköpfe (Austrelaps)
- Brachyurophis
- Cacophis
- Cryptophis
- Demansia
- Denisonia
- Drysdalia
- Echiopsis
- Elapognathus
- Furina
- Hemiaspis
- Hoplocephalus
- Loveridgelaps
- Micropechis
- Neelaps
- Tigerottern (Notechis)
- Ogmodon
- Taipane (Oxyuranus)
- Parapistocalamus
- Paroplocephalus
- Schwarzottern (Pseudechis)
- Braunschlangen (Pseudonaja)
- Rhinoplocephalus
- Salomonelaps
- Simoselaps
- Suta
- Neuguinea-Waldottern (Toxicocalamus)
- Tropidechis
- Vermicella
Unterfamilie Laticaudinae
- Plattschwänze, Seekraits (Laticauda)
Überfamilie Blindschlangenartige (Scolecophidia)
Familie Amerikanische Blindschlangen (Anomalepididae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liotyphlops_beui.jpg/220px-Liotyphlops_beui.jpg)
- Anomalepis
- Helminthophis
- Liotyphlops
- Typhlophis
Familie Gerrhopilidae
- Cathetorhinus
- Gerrhopilus
Familie Schlankblindschlangen (Leptotyphlopidae, Glauconiidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Leptotyphlops_macrolepis.jpg/220px-Leptotyphlops_macrolepis.jpg)
Unterfamilie Leptotyphlopinae
- Epacrophis
- Leptotyphlops
- Myriopholis
- Namibiana
Unterfamilie Epictinae
- Epictia
- Habrophallos
- Mitophis
- Rena
- Rhinoguinea
- Rhinoleptus
- Siagonodon
- Tetracheilostoma
- Tricheilostoma
- Trilepida
Familie Blindschlangen (Typhlopidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Typhlops_subcrotillus.jpg/220px-Typhlops_subcrotillus.jpg)
Unterfamilie Afrotyphlopinae
- Afrotyphlops
- Letheobia
- Rhinotyphlops
Unterfamilie Asiatyphlopinae
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Davidraju_Worm_Snake.jpg/220px-Davidraju_Worm_Snake.jpg)
- Acutotyphlops
- Anilios
- Argyrophis
- Cyclotyphlops
- Grypotyphlops
- Südasiatische Blindschlangen (Indotyphlops)
- Malayotyphlops
- Pseudoindotyphlops
- Ramphotyphlops
- Sundatyphlops
- Xerotyphlops
Unterfamilie Madatyphlopinae
- Madatyphlops
Unterfamilie Typhlopinae
- Amerotyphlops
- Antillotyphlops
- Cubatyphlops
- Typhlops
Familie Xenotyphlopidae
Aktuell in keine Überfamilie eingeordnet
Familie Aniliidae
- Korallenrollschlange (Anilius)
Familie Bolyerschlangen (Bolyeriidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Casarea_dussumieri_IleRonde_860513.jpg/220px-Casarea_dussumieri_IleRonde_860513.jpg)
Familie Wassertrugnattern (Homalopsidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Enhydris_sieboldii.jpg/220px-Enhydris_sieboldii.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tentacled_Snake.jpg/220px-Tentacled_Snake.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hypiscopus_plumbea%2C_Rice_paddy_snake_-_Nong_Phai%2C_Phetchabun_%2820247431125%29.jpg/220px-Hypiscopus_plumbea%2C_Rice_paddy_snake_-_Nong_Phai%2C_Phetchabun_%2820247431125%29.jpg)
- Bitia
- Brachyorrhos
- Calamophis
- Cantoria
- Cerberus
- Dieurostus
- Djokoiskandarus
- Enhydris
- Erpeton
- Ferania
- Fordonia
- Gerarda
- Gyiophis
- Heurnia
- Homalophis
- Homalopsis
- Hypsiscopus
- Karnsophis
- Kualatahan
- Mintonophis
- Miralia
- Myanophis
- Myron
- Myrrophis
- Phytolopsis
- Pseudoferania
- Raclitia
- Subsessor
- Sumatranus
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Aplopeltura_boa_-_Khao_Luang_National_Park_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Aplopeltura_boa_-_Khao_Luang_National_Park_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Familie Pareidae
- Unterfamilie Pareidae
- Aplopeltura
- Asthenodipsas
- Pareas
- Unterfamilie Xylophiinae
- Xylophis
Familie Erdboas (Tropidophiidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cuban_Giant_Trope_%28Tropidophis_melanurus%29_%288577519434%29.jpg/220px-Cuban_Giant_Trope_%28Tropidophis_melanurus%29_%288577519434%29.jpg)
- Trachyboa
- Tropidophis
Familie Vipern (Viperidae)
Unterfamilie Azemiopinae
- Fea-Vipern (Azemiops)
Unterfamilie Grubenottern (Crotalinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crotalus-basiliscus-basiliskenklapperschlange.jpg/220px-Crotalus-basiliscus-basiliskenklapperschlange.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Yellow-Blotched_Palm-Pitviper.jpg/220px-Yellow-Blotched_Palm-Pitviper.jpg)
- Dreieckskopfottern (Agkistrodon)
- Springende Lanzenottern (Atropoides)
- Palmlanzenottern (Bothriechis)
- Bothrocophias
- Amerikanische Lanzenottern (Bothrops)
- Malayische Mokassinottern (Calloselasma)
- Berggrubenottern (Cerrophidion)
- Craspedocephalus
- Klapperschlangen (Crotalus)
- Chinesische Nasenottern (Deinagkistrodon)
- Garthius
- Gloydius
- Ceylon-Nasenottern (Hypnale)
- Buschmeister (Lachesis)
- Metlapilcoatlus
- Mixcoatlus
- Mexikanische Horn-Lanzenottern (Ophryacus)
- Ovophis
- Hakennasen-Lanzenottern (Porthidium)
- Protobothrops
- Zwergklapperschlangen (Sistrurus)
- Bambusottern (Trimeresurus)
- Tempelottern (Tropidolaemus)
Unterfamilie Echte Vipern (Viperinae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bitis_arietans.jpg/220px-Bitis_arietans.jpg)
- Buschvipern (Atheris)
- Puffottern (Bitis)
- Krötenvipern (Causus)
- Afrikanische Hornvipern (Cerastes)
- Orientalische Vipern (Daboia)
- Sandrasselottern (Echis)
- MacMahon-Vipern (Eristicophis)
- Großvipern (Macrovipera)
- Ostafrikanische Bergottern (Montatheris)
- Bergottern (Montivipera)
- Sumpfvipern (Proatheris)
- Trughornvipern (Pseudocerastes)
- Echte Ottern (Vipera)
Familie Höckernattern (Xenodermidae)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Achalinus_formosanus_formosanus_full_body_shot.jpg/220px-Achalinus_formosanus_formosanus_full_body_shot.jpg)
- Achalinus
- Fimbrios
- Parafimbrios
- Paraxenodermus
- Stoliczkia
- Xenodermus
Familie Stachelkiefernattern (Xenophidiidae)
Literatur
Die hier vorgestellte Systematik basiert hauptsächlich auf den folgenden Publikationen:[2]
- R. Alexander Pyron, Frank T. Burbrink, Guarino R. Colli, Adrian Nieto Montes de Oca, Laurie J. Vitt, Caitlin A. Kuczynski und John J. Wiens: The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010, S. 329–342, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.006.
- Michael S. Y. Lee, Andrew F. Hugall, Robin Lawson und John D. Scanlon: Phylogeny of snakes (Serpentes): combining morphological and molecular data in likelihood, Bayesian and parsimony analyses. In: Systematics and Biodiversity. Band 5, 2007, S. 371–389, doi:10.1017/S1477200007002290.
- Nicolas Vidal, Anne-Sophie Delmas, Patrick David, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux und S. Blair Hedges: The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes. In: Comptes Rendus Biologies. Band 330, 2007, S. 182–187, doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2006.10.001.
- Nicolas Vidal, Anne-Sophie Delmas und S. Blair Hedges: The higher-level relationships of alethinophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In: Biology of the Boas and Pythons. 2007, S. 27–33.
- Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L. Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G. Grazziotin (2019): Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLOS ONE, Mai 10, 2019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ Uetz, P. et al.: The Reptile Database. Abgerufen am 13. März 2012.
- ↑ a b The Reptile Database: Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles – Ophidia (Serpentes) – Snakes.
- ↑ Robert Alexander Pyron, Frank T. Burbrink & John J. Wiens: A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:93 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
- ↑ Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L. Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G. Grazziotin (2019): Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLOS ONE, Mai 10, 2019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148
- ↑ Species Numbers. In: reptile-database. 25. Dezember 2022, abgerufen am 5. Januar 2023.
- ↑ Serpentes In: The Reptile Database; abgerufen am 28. September 2023.