Múl·lids
Mullidae ![]() | |
---|---|
![]() Mulloidichthys vanicolensis ![]() | |
Taxonomia | |
Super-regne | Holozoa |
Regne | Animalia |
Fílum | Chordata |
Classe | Actinopteri |
Ordre | Perciformes |
Família | Mullidae ![]() Rafinesque, 1815 |
Els múl·lids (Mullidae) constitueixen una família de peixos actinopterigis de l'ordre dels perciformes.[1] El moll de roca i el moll de fang en són els representants més coneguts als Països Catalans.
Morfologia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mullus_barbatus_-_Gervais.jpg/220px-Mullus_barbatus_-_Gervais.jpg)
- Són de petites dimensions (màxim de 60 cm).
- Presència de dues aletes dorsals ben espaiades
- Aletes pelvianes en posició toràcica.
- Perfil cefàlic molt inclinat.
- Dues barbetes a la mandíbula.
- Ulls molt grossos i en posició molt alta.
- Nombre de vèrtebres: 24.
- Presenten colors sovint vistosos i variables.[2][3]
Alimentació
S'alimenten d'invertebrats bentònics o de peixets.[4]
Distribució geogràfica
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus.jpg/220px-Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus.jpg)
Viuen a les mars i oceans de tropicals i temperades.[3]
Observacions
La majoria d'espècies de múl·lids són pescades per la seva carn saborosa.[4]
Taxonomia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mulloidichthys_martinicus.jpg/220px-Mulloidichthys_martinicus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Upeneichthys_lineatus.jpg/220px-Upeneichthys_lineatus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pseudupeneus_maculatus_real.jpg/220px-Pseudupeneus_maculatus_real.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus.jpg/220px-Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Upeneus_vittatus_Day.png/220px-Upeneus_vittatus_Day.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Parupeneus_cyclostomos.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_cyclostomos.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Parupeneus_bifasciatus.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_bifasciatus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Parupeneus_spilurus.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_spilurus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Upeneichthys_lineatus_%28Blue-lined_goatfish%29.jpg/220px-Upeneichthys_lineatus_%28Blue-lined_goatfish%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Parupeneus_by_Jaroslaw_Barski.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_by_Jaroslaw_Barski.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Parupeneus_porphyreus.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_porphyreus.jpg)
Inclou 6 gèneres i 55 espècies marines.
- Gènere Mulloidichthys (Whitley, 1929)[5]
- Mulloidichthys dentatus (Gill, 1862)
- Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacépède, 1801)[6]
- Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier, 1829)[7]
- Mulloidichthys mimicus (Randall & Guézé, 1980)[8]
- Mulloidichthys pfluegeri (Steindachner, 1900)
- Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)[9]
- Gènere Mullus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Mullus argentinae (Hubbs i Marini, 1933)[10]
- Mullus auratus (Jordan i Gilbert, 1882)
- Moll de fang (Mullus barbatus) (Linnaeus, 1758)[11][12]
- Moll de roca (Mullus surmuletus) (Linnaeus, 1758)[11]
- Gènere Parupeneus (Bleeker, 1863)
- Parupeneus barberinoides (Bleeker, 1852)[13]
- Parupeneus barberinus (Lacépède, 1801)[14]
- Parupeneus biaculeatus (Richardson, 1846)
- Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacépède, 1801)[15][16]
- Parupeneus chrysonemus (Jordan i Evermann, 1903)
- Parupeneus chrysopleuron (Temminck i Schlegel, 1843)
- Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacépède, 1802)[17]
- Parupeneus crassilabris (Valenciennes, 1831)
- Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacépède, 1801)[15]
- Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir i Guézé, 1976)[18]
- Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacépède, 1802)[17]
- Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803)[19]
- Parupeneus insularis (Randall i Myers, 2002)[20]
- Parupeneus jansenii (Bleeker, 1856)
- Parupeneus louise (Randall, 2004)
- Parupeneus macronemus (Lacépède, 1801)[15]
- Parupeneus margaritatus (Randall i Guézé, 1984)
- Parupeneus moffitti (Randall i Myers), 1993
- Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy i Gaimard, 1824)[21]
- Parupeneus orientalis (Fowler, 1933)[22]
- Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831)[23]
- Parupeneus porphyreus (Jenkins, 1903)[24]
- Parupeneus posteli (Fourmanoir y Guézé, 1967)
- Parupeneus procerigena (Kim i Amaoka, 2001)[25]
- Parupeneus rubescens (Lacépède, 1801)[15]
- Parupeneus signatus (Günther, 1867)
- Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker, 1854)
- Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacépède, 1801)
- Gènere Pseudupeneus (Bleeker, 1862)
- Pseudupeneus grandisquamis (Gill, 1863)[26][27]
- Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch, 1793)[28]
- Pseudupeneus orientalis (Fowler, 1933)
- Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829)[29]
- Gènere Upeneichthys (Bleeker, 1855)
- Upeneichthys lineatus (Bloch i Schneider, 1801)[30]
- Upeneichthys stotti (Platell, Potter i Clarke, 1998)[31]
- Upeneichthys vlamingii (Cuvier, 1829)[29]
- Gènere Upeneus (Cuvier, 1829)[32][33]
- Upeneus arge (Jordan i Evermann, 1903)[34]
- Upeneus asymmetricus (Lachner, 1954)[35]
- Upeneus australiae (Kim i Nakaya, 2002)[36]
- Upeneus crosnieri (Fourmanoir i Guézé, 1967)[37]
- Upeneus davidaromi (Golani, 2001)[38]
- Upeneus doriae (Günther, 1869)[39]
- Upeneus filifer (Ogilby, 1910)[40]
- Upeneus francisi (Randall i Guézé, 1992)[41]
- Upeneus guttatus (Day, 1868)[42]
- Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)[43][44]
- Upeneus luzonius (Jordan i Seale, 1907)[45]
- Upeneus mascareinsis (Fourmanoir i Guézé, 1967)[37]
- Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855)[46]
- Upeneus mouthami (Randall i Kulbicki, 2006)[47]
- Upeneus parvus (Poey, 1852)[48]
- Upeneus pori (Ben-Tuvia i Golani, 1989)[49]
- Upeneus quadrilineatus (Cheng i Wang, 1963)[50]
- Upeneus subvittatus (Temminck i Schlegel, 1843)[51]
- Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829)[29]
- Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855)[46]
- Upeneus taeniopterus (Cuvier, 1829)[29]
- Upeneus tragula (Richardson, 1846)[52]
- Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål, 1775)[53]
- Upeneus xanthogrammus (Gilbert, 1892)[54][55][56][57][58][59]
Referències
- ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
- ↑ «Múl·lids». Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 ZipCodeZoo.com (anglès)
- ↑ Stepien, C. A., J. E. Randall i R. H. Rosenblatt 1994: Genetic and morphological divergence of a circumtropical complex of goatfishes: Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Mulloidichthys dentatus, and Mulloidichthys martinicus. Pacific Science v. 48 (núm. 1): 44-56.
- ↑ Lacépède, B. G. E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34.
- ↑ Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. & P. Guézé. 1980. The goatfish Mulloidichthys mimicus n. sp. (Pisces, Mullidae) from Oceania, a mimic of the snapper Lutjanus kasmira (Pisces, Lutjanidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Ser. 4: Section A: Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales v. 2 (núm. 2): 603-609.
- ↑ Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1831. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208.
- ↑ Hubbs, C. L. i T. L. Marini 1933: Nueva especie de Mullidae para la Argentina: Mullus argentinae. Physis (Buenos Aires) v. 11 (núm. 39): 346.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
- ↑ Essipov, V. K. 1927: Rouget (Mullus barbatus L.) du district de Kertch. 1-ère partie -- Systématique. Reports of the Scientific Station of Fisheries in Kertch v. 1 (núms. 2-3): 101-146. (En rus amb resum en francès).
- ↑ Bleeker, P. 1852. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Moluksche Eilanden. Visschen van Amboina en Ceram. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3: 229-309.
- ↑ Lacépède, B. G. E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34.
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Lacépède, B. G. E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34.
- ↑ Bleeker, P. 1868: Notice sur le Parupeneus bifasciatus (Mullus bifasciatus Lac.) de l'île de la Réunion. Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 2: 342-348.
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Lacépède, B. G. E. 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
- ↑ Fourmanoir, P. & P. Guézé. 1976. Pseudupeneus forsskali nom. nov. (= Mullus auriflamma Forsskål 1775). Travaux et Documents de l'O.R.S.T.O.M. Núm. 47: 45-48.
- ↑ Shaw, G. 1803. General zoology or systematic natural history ... Pisces. G. Kearsley, Londres, 1800-1826. Pisces in vol. 4 (1803) and vol. 5 (1804). (Series is 14 vols., 1800-1826). General zoology or systematic natural history ... Pisces. v. 4: (pt. 1) i-v + 1-186, Pls. 1-25; (pt 2), i-xi + 187-632, Pls. 26-92.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. & R. F. Myers 2002. Parupeneus insularis, a new central Pacific species of goatfish (Perciformes: Mullidae) of the P. trifasciatus complex. Zool. Studies v. 41 (núm. 4): 431-440.
- ↑ Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. 1824-1825. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. A Freycinet, L. de, Voyage autour du Monde...exécuté sur les corvettes de L. M. "L'Uranie" et "La Physicienne," pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. París. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. A Freycinet, L. de, Voyage autour du Monde...: 192-401 [1-328 in 1824; 329-616 in 1825], Atlas pls. 43-65.
- ↑ Fowler, H. W. 1933. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the families Banjosidae...Enoplosidae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross," chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 100, v. 12: i-vi + 1-465.
- ↑ Bennett, E. T. 1831. Observations on a collection of fishes from the Mauritius, with characters of new genera and species. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1): 59-60.
- ↑ Jenkins, O. P. 1903. Report on collections of fishes made in the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]: 415-511, Pls. 1-4.
- ↑ Kim, B.-J. & K. Amaoka 2001. A new species, Parupeneus procerigena, from the Saya de Malha Bank in the western Indian Ocean (Perciformes: Mullidae). Ichth. Research v. 48 (núm. 1): 45-50.
- ↑ Gill, T. N. 1863. Descriptive enumeration of a collection of fishes from the western coast of Central America, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Captain John M. Dow. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15: 162-174.
- ↑ Fitch, J. E. 1980: The bigscale goatfish, Pseudupeneus grandisquamis (Gill, 1863), added to California's marine fauna. California Fish and Game v. 66 (núm. 2): 123-124.
- ↑ Bloch, M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 29,2 29,3 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
- ↑ Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
- ↑ Hutchins, J. B. 1990. Description of a new mullid fish from south-western Australia, with comments on Upeneichthys lineatus. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. v. 14 (núm. 4): 483-493.
- ↑ Lachner, E. A. 1954: A revision of the goatfish genus Upeneus with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 103 (núm. 3330): 497-532.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. i M. Kulbicki 2006: A review of the goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae) from New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Bank, with a new species and four new records. Zoological Studies v. 45 (núm. 3): 298-307.
- ↑ Jordan, D. S. & B. W. Evermann. 1903. Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 22 [1902]: 161-208.
- ↑ Lachner, E. A. 1954. A revision of the goatfish genus Upeneus with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 103 (núm. 3330): 497-532.
- ↑ Kim, B.-J. & K. Nakaya 2002. Upeneus australiae, a new goatfish (Mullidae: Perciformes) from Australia. Ichth. Research v. 49 (núm. 2): 128-132.
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 Fourmanoir, P. & P. Guézé. 1967. Poissons nouveaux ou peu connus provenant de la Réunion et de Madagascar. Cah. O.R.S.T.O.M. Sér. Océanogr. v. 5 (núm. 1): 47-58.
- ↑ Golani, D. 2001. Upeneus davidaromi, a new deepwater goatfish (Osteichthyes, Mullidae) from the Red Sea. Isr. J. Zool. v. 47: 111-121.
- ↑ Günther, A. 1869. Descriptions of two new species of fishes discovered by the Marquis J. Doria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 4) v. 3 (núm. 18): 444-445.
- ↑ Ogilby, J. D. 1910. On some new fishes from the Queensland coast. Endeavour Series, I. New Fish. Queensland: 85-139.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. & P. Guézé. 1992. Upeneus francisi, a new goatfish (Perciformes: Mullidae) from Norfolk Island and New Zealand. Cybium v. 16 (núm. 1): 21-29.
- ↑ Day, F. 1868. On some new or imperfectly known fishes of India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867 (pt 3): 935-942.
- ↑ Houttuyn, M. 1782. Beschryving van eenige Japanese visschen, en andere zee-schepzelen. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Haarlem v. 20 (pt 2): 311-350.
- ↑ Randall, J. E., M. L. Bauchot i P. Guézé 1993. Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn), a senior synonym of the Japanese goatfish Upeneus bensasi (Temminck i Schlegel). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (núm. 3): 301-305.
- ↑ Jordan, D. S. & A. Seale. 1907. Fishes of the islands of Luzon and Panay. Bull. Bur. Fish. v. 26 (for 1906): 1-48.
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 Bleeker, P. 1855. Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 8: 391-434.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. & M. Kulbicki. 2006. A review of the goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae) from New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Bank, with a new species and four new records. Zool. Studies v. 45 (núm. 3): 298-307.
- ↑ Poey, F. 1851-1854. Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, acompañadas de sumarios Latinos y extractos en Francés. L'Havana. Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba v. 1: 1-463, Pls. 1-34.
- ↑ Ben-Tuvia, A. & D. Golani. 1989. A new species of goatfish (Mullidae) of the genus Upeneus from the Red Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. Israel J. Zool. v. 36 (núm. 2): 103-112.
- ↑ Chu, Y.-T., C.-L. Chan & C.-T. Chen. 1963. Ichthyofauna of East China Sea. Ichthyofauna East China Sea: i-xxviii + 1-642.
- ↑ Temminck, C. J. & H. Schlegel. 1843. Pisces, Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4: 21-72.
- ↑ Richardson, J. 1846. Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 15th meeting (1845): 187-320.
- ↑ Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Copenhaguen. Descr. Animalium: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.
- ↑ Gilbert, C. H. 1892. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in the Gulf of California. A Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 880): 539-566.
- ↑ ITIS[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
- ↑ Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
- ↑ BioLib (anglès)
- ↑ World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
- ↑ UNEP-WCMC Species Database [Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
Bibliografia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Parupeneus_multifasciatus.jpg/220px-Parupeneus_multifasciatus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Parupeneus_signatus_%28Black-spot_Goatfish%29.gif/220px-Parupeneus_signatus_%28Black-spot_Goatfish%29.gif)
- Aburto-Oropeza, O. i Balart, E. F., 2001: Community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the Gulf of California. Marine Ecology, 22:283-305.
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- Bauchot, M.-L., M. Desoutter, P. Guézé i J. E. Randall 1985: Catalogue critique des types de poissons de Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Suite) (Famille des Mullidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Ser. 4: Section A: Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales v. 7 (núm. 2, suppl.): 1-25.
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- Maugé, L. A. i Guézé 1984: Remarques sur les mulles décrits par Lacépède et statut des deux espèces de Parupeneus: Parupeneus cyclostomus et Parupeneus rubescens (Pisces, Teleostei, Mullidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Ser. 4: Section A: Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales v. 6 (núm. 2): 487-503.
- Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
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